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A loss of BMC function is suspected to play a role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease (AD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>BMC markers, namely smooth muscle alpha actin (\u03b1\u2010SMA) for smooth muscle cells, as well as platelet\u2010derived growth factor receptor \u03b2 (PDGFR\u03b2) and aminopeptidase N (ANPEP or CD13) for pericytes, were assessed by Western immunoblotting in microvessel extracts from the parietal cortex of 60 participants of the Religious Orders study, with ages at death ranging from 75 to 98\u00a0years old.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants clinically diagnosed with AD had lower vascular levels of \u03b1\u2010SMA, PDGFR\u03b2 and CD13. These reductions were correlated with lower cognitive scores for global cognition, episodic and semantic memory, perceptual speed and visuospatial ability. In addition, \u03b1\u2010SMA, PDGFR\u03b2 and CD13 were negatively correlated with vascular A\u03b240 concentrations. Vascular levels of BMC markers were also inversely correlated with insoluble\u00a0cleaved phosphorylated transactive response DNA binding protein 43 (TDP\u201043) (25\u00a0kDa) and positively correlated with soluble\u00a0cleaved phosphorylated TDP\u201043 (35\u00a0kDa) in cortical homogenates, suggesting strong association between BMC loss and cleaved phosphorylated TDP\u201043 aggregation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of this study highlight a loss of BMC in AD. The associations between \u03b1\u2010SMA, PDGFR\u03b2 and CD13 vascular levels with cognitive scores, TDP\u201043 aggregation and cerebrovascular accumulation of A\u03b2 in the parietal cortex suggest that BMC loss contributes to both AD symptoms and pathology, further strengthening the link between cerebrovascular defects and dementia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,23]],"date-time":"2020-01-23T07:33:00Z","timestamp":1579764780000},"page":"458-477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Brain mural cell loss in the parietal cortex in Alzheimer\u2019s disease correlates with cognitive decline and TDP\u201043 pathology"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Bourassa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de pharmacie Universit\u00e9 Laval Qu\u00e9bec QC Canada"},{"name":"Axe Neurosciences Centre de recherche du CHU de Qu\u00e9bec Universit\u00e9 Laval Qu\u00e9bec QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Tremblay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Axe Neurosciences Centre de recherche du CHU de Qu\u00e9bec Universit\u00e9 Laval Qu\u00e9bec QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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