{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T14:25:58Z","timestamp":1788877558357,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]],"date-time":"2020-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuropathology Appl Neurobio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID\u201019) is a rapidly evolving pandemic caused by the coronavirus Sars\u2010CoV\u20102. Clinically manifest central nervous system symptoms have been described in COVID\u201019 patients and could be the consequence of commonly associated vascular pathology, but the detailed neuropathological sequelae remain largely unknown. A total of six cases, all positive for Sars\u2010CoV\u20102, showed evidence of cerebral petechial hemorrhages and microthrombi at autopsy. Two out of six patients showed an elevated risk for disseminated intravascular coagulopathy according to current criteria and were excluded from further analysis. In the remaining four patients, the hemorrhages were most prominent at the grey and white matter junction of the neocortex, but were also found in the brainstem, deep grey matter structures and cerebellum. Two patients showed vascular intramural inflammatory infiltrates, consistent with Sars\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010associated endotheliitis, which was associated by elevated levels of the Sars\u2010CoV\u20102 receptor ACE2 in the brain vasculature. Distribution and morphology of patchy brain microbleeds was clearly distinct from hypertension\u2010related hemorrhage, critical illness\u2010associated microbleeds and cerebral amyloid angiopathy, which was ruled out by immunohistochemistry. Cerebral microhemorrhages in COVID\u201019 patients could be a consequence of Sars\u2010 CoV\u20102\u2010induced endotheliitis and more general vasculopathic changes and may correlate with an increased risk of vascular encephalopathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,29]],"date-time":"2020-11-29T11:56:22Z","timestamp":1606650982000},"page":"454-459","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["Intracerebral endotheliitis and microbleeds are neuropathological features of COVID\u201019"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Kirschenbaum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuropathology University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas L.","family":"Imbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth J.","family":"Rushing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuropathology University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrin B. 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