{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T13:15:01Z","timestamp":1791983701608,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008539","name":"CurePSP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008539","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG3 NS104095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3 NS104095"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AG062348"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG062348"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54 NS100693"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54 NS100693"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000871","name":"Mayo Clinic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuropathology Appl Neurobio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to develop a deep learning\u2010based model for differentiating tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration (CBD) and Pick's disease (PiD), based on tau\u2010immunostained digital slide images.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We trained the YOLOv3 object detection algorithm to detect five tau lesion types: neuronal inclusions, neuritic plaques, tufted astrocytes, astrocytic plaques and coiled bodies. We used 2522 digital slide images of CP13\u2010immunostained slides of the motor cortex from 10 cases each of AD, PSP and CBD for training. Data augmentation was performed to increase the size of the training dataset. We next constructed random forest classifiers using the quantitative burdens of each tau lesion from motor cortex, caudate nucleus and superior frontal gyrus, ascertained from the object detection model. We split 120 cases (32 AD, 36 PSP, 31 CBD and 21 PiD) into training (90 cases) and test (30 cases) sets to train random forest classifiers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The resultant random forest classifier achieved an average test score of 0.97, indicating that 29 out of 30 cases were correctly diagnosed. A validation study using hold\u2010out datasets of CP13\u2010 and AT8\u2010stained slides from 50 cases (10 AD, 17 PSP, 13 CBD and 10 PiD) showed &gt;92% (without data augmentation) and &gt;95% (with data augmentation) diagnostic accuracy in both CP13\u2010 and AT8\u2010stained slides.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our diagnostic model trained with CP13 also works for AT8; therefore, our diagnostic tool can be potentially used by other investigators and may assist medical decision\u2010making in neuropathological diagnoses of tauopathies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12759","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,17]],"date-time":"2021-08-17T03:09:17Z","timestamp":1629169757000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Deep 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