{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T20:02:30Z","timestamp":1790539350237,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuropathology Appl Neurobio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disease caused by survival of motor neuron (SMN) deficiency that induces motor neuron (MN) degeneration and severe muscular atrophy. Gene therapies that increase SMN have proven their efficacy but not for all patients. Here, we explored the unfolded protein response (UPR) status in SMA pathology and explored whether UPR modulation could be beneficial for SMA patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analysed the expression and activation of key UPR proteins by RT\u2010qPCR and by western blots in SMA patient iPSC\u2010derived MNs and one SMA cell line in which SMN expression was re\u2010established (rescue). We complemented this approach by using myoblast and fibroblast SMA patient cells and SMA mouse models of varying severities. Finally, we tested in vitro and in vivo the effect of IRE1\u03b1\/XBP1 pathway restoration on SMN expression and subsequent neuroprotection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We report that the IRE1\u03b1\/XBP1 branch of the unfolded protein response is disrupted in SMA, with a depletion of XBP1s irrespective of IRE1\u03b1 activation pattern. The overexpression of XBP1s in SMA fibroblasts proved to transcriptionally enhance\n                      <jats:italic>SMN<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression. Importantly, rebalancing XBP1s expression in severe SMA\u2010like mice, induced SMN expression and spinal MN protection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We have identified XBP1s depletion as a contributing factor in SMA pathogenesis, and the modulation of this transcription factor proves to be a plausible therapeutic avenue in the context of pharmacological interventions for patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,26]],"date-time":"2022-03-26T04:34:22Z","timestamp":1648269262000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Activating ATF6 in spinal muscular atrophy promotes SMN expression and motor neuron survival through the IRE1\u03b1\u2010XBP1 pathway"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Domenico","family":"D'Amico","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris cit\u00e9 and Inserm UMR_S1124  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Biondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris cit\u00e9 and Inserm UMR_S1124  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camille","family":"Januel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 d'Evry\u2010Val\u2010d'Essonne and Inserm UMR 861, I\u2010STEM, AFM  Corbeil\u2010Essonne France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Bezier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris cit\u00e9 and Inserm UMR_S1124  Paris France"},{"name":"Biophytis Sorbonne Universit\u00e9  Paris 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