{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T21:35:43Z","timestamp":1789508143973,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,29]],"date-time":"2023-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NS20989"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NS20989"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G0500247"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G0500247"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002283","name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ARUK PG2013\u201022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ARUK PG2013\u201022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002283","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuropathology Appl Neurobio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cerebral microvascular disease (MVD) is an important cause of vascular cognitive impairment. MVD is heterogeneous in aetiology, ranging from universal ageing to the sporadic (hypertension, sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy [CAA] and chronic kidney disease) and the genetic (e.g., familial CAA, cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy [CADASIL] and cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy [CARASIL]). The brain parenchymal consequences of MVD predominantly consist of lacunar infarcts (lacunes), microinfarcts, white matter disease of ageing and microhaemorrhages. MVD is characterised by substantial arteriolar neuropathology involving ubiquitous vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) abnormalities. Cerebral MVD is characterised by a wide variety of arteriolar injuries but only a limited number of parenchymal manifestations. We reason that the cerebral arteriole plays a dominant role in the pathogenesis of each type of MVD. Perturbations in signalling and function (i.e., changes in proliferation, apoptosis, phenotypic switch and migration of SMC) are prominent in the pathogenesis of cerebral MVD, making \u2018cerebral angiomyopathy\u2019 an appropriate term to describe the spectrum of pathologic abnormalities. The evidence suggests that the cerebral arteriole acts as both source and mediator of parenchymal injury in MVD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,24]],"date-time":"2022-12-24T03:30:36Z","timestamp":1671852636000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Arteriolar neuropathology in cerebral microvascular disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Chuo","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of California, Irvine Medical Center  101 The City Drive South Shanbrom Hall (Building 55), Room 121 Orange 92868 California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shino D.","family":"Magaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology &amp; Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald C.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology &amp; Laboratory Medicine University of California, Irvine  Orange California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7907-4923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raj N.","family":"Kalaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University  Campus for Ageing and Vitality Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2965-1240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harry V.","family":"Vinters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology &amp; Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles  Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of California, Irvine Medical Center  101 The City Drive South Shanbrom Hall (Building 55), Room 121 Orange 92868 California USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology &amp; Laboratory Medicine University of California, Irvine  Orange California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_20_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq635"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww214"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000091536"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/svn\u20102016\u2010000035"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468\u20101331.2011.03466.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4800(03)00013-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010physiol\u2010021119\u2010034338"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_9_1","article-title":"Isolation and cannulation of cerebral parenchymal arterioles","volume":"111","author":"Pires PW","year":"2016","journal-title":"JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments)"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.313260"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4199\/C00005ED1V01Y200912ISP002"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401\u2010020\u201002235\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874192401004010302"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_14_1","first-page":"323","volume-title":"Advances in Pharmacology","author":"Mazurek R","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6734"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_16_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Comprehensive Physiology","author":"Rhodin JAG","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0303\u20106987.2006.00419.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cccb.2021.100031"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlaa082"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlz088"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.28.11.2222"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.0576"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.006283"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12178"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2016.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfl366"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003717"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgmr.2016.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S139515"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2017.0430"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00562.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.10865"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2012.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474\u20109726.2012.00813.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000134529.65173.08"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.167.1.163"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.13.10.1449"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2004.08.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008\u20106363(99)00385\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-6374(99)00042-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2001.280.6.H2779"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01119.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2022.166403"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21103435"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000236838.84150.c2"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689718795148"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401\u2010008\u20100416\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379\u2010021\u201000847\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.040963"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.12.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2021.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.18.2.311"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750\u20103639.2009.00322.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181dad605"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fnl.11.42"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X19838087"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2010.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64644-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002\u20109440(10)64053\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.533174"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/pjp.2013.39334"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25512"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X19899377"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2012.00079"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2011.161"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975\u2010016\u20100499\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975\u2010019\u201000698\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105657"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612820666140212194926"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.108.181305"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.02140508"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005183422003"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401\u2010001\u20100471\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010050793"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12721"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2016.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2492080357"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750\u20103639.2004.tb00078.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12472"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010050700"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12181"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401\u2010002\u20100530\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975\u2010019\u201000742\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750\u20103639.2002.tb00451.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440\u20101789.2003.00519.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13534"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/nen.0b013e318093e574"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035\u2010021\u201002282\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001803"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2514183X20914182"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00545"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1789.2007.00864.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010000203"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31083\/j.rcm.2019.03.31813"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.526293"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468\u20101331.2010.03155.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgmr.2021.100815"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440\u20101789.2008.00883.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000209649.60409.38"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0712309105"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp387"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204618"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10545\u2010006\u20100360\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978\u20100\u201012\u2010817195\u20100.00002\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww217"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nly115"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24583"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13597"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001309"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx062"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12177"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl360"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24782"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.581918"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2011.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.5023"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201212032"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1006127"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.107.167908"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X17722436"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003271"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760\u2010019\u201001158\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003251"}],"container-title":["Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nan.12875","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/nan.12875","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nan.12875","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T03:35:49Z","timestamp":1697081749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/nan.12875"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,29]]},"references-count":124,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/nan.12875"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nan.12875","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-1846","1365-2990"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0305-1846","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2990","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-06-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e12875"}}