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This study evaluated the prevalence and distribution of HBs in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study systematically evaluated HBs in a cohort of 193 cases with major neurodegenerative diseases, including AD (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200991), Lewy body disease (LBD, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200987), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200936), multiple system atrophy (MSA, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200914) and controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200926). The prevalence, number and morphology of HBs in the stratum lacunosum (HBL) and CA1 pyramidal cell layer were examined. In addition, we investigated the presence of HBs in five additional hippocampal subregions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The morphological types of HBs in CA1 were divided into three, including a newly discovered type, and were evaluated separately, with their morphology confirmed in three dimensions: (1) classic rod\u2010shaped HB (CHB), (2) balloon\u2010shaped HB (BHB) and the newly described (3) string\u2010shaped HB (SHB). The prevalence of each HB type differed between disease groups: Compared with controls, for CHB in AD, AD\u2009+\u2009LBD, PSP and corticobasal degeneration, for BHB in AD\u2009+\u2009LBD and PSP, and SHB in AD\u2009+\u2009LBD and PSP were significantly increased. Regression analysis showed that CHBs were independently associated with higher Braak NFT stage, BHBs with LBD and TDP\u201043 pathology, SHBs with higher Braak NFT stage, PSP and argyrophilic grain disease and HBLs with MSA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrates that HBs are associated with diverse neurodegenerative diseases and shows that morphological types appear distinctively in various conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,18]],"date-time":"2024-04-18T05:55:47Z","timestamp":1713419747000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Revisiting the relevance of Hirano bodies in neurodegenerative diseases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Koji","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Department of Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Krembil Discovery Tower University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toyama  Toyama Toyama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelley L.","family":"Forrest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Department of Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Krembil Discovery Tower University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Laboratory Medicine Program &amp; Krembil Brain Institute University Health Network  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Dementia Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences Macquarie University  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shojiro","family":"Ichimata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toyama  Toyama Toyama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidetomo","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Department of Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Krembil Discovery Tower University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoya","family":"Kon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Department of Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Krembil Discovery Tower University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine  Hirosaki Aomori Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Carmela","family":"Tartaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles H.","family":"Tator","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Krembil Brain Institute Toronto Western Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Canadian Concussion Centre, Krembil Brain Institute University Health Network  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony E.","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Krembil Discovery Tower University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Krembil Brain Institute Toronto Western Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Edmond J. 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