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The primary aim was to report on GFAP expression and cell soma size in 26 microscopically defined regions of the amygdala, basal ganglia, cerebellum, hippocampus and medulla, and to determine whether they are affected by postconceptional age (PCA) from 40 to 83\u2009weeks. The secondary aim was to determine if GFAP expression differs according to the classification of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) as opposed to infant deaths of known causes, or for the presence of major SIDS risk factors of male sex, cigarette smoke exposure, upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), bed\u2010sharing and prone sleeping. The cerebellar molecular layer was void of GFAP+ cells, while the internal granular layer (IGL) had the highest density, with &gt;60% of infants having an R\u2010Score &gt;120. GFAP expression decreased with increasing PCA in the entorhinal and temporal cortex, subiculum and regions of the cerebellum and medulla. GFAP cell soma size corresponded with astrogliosis score and no effect of PCA was evident. Various region\u2010dependent GFAP expressional differences were seen according to SIDS classification and the risk factors studied. The findings indicate that the density of GFAP decreases in specific regions of the brain within the first year of postnatal development, and that reactive astrocytes are common, particularly within the early postnatal months.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.13007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T10:13:15Z","timestamp":1726740795000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["GFAP expression in the brain during human postnatal development"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Lauren","family":"Luijerink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Medicine, Central Clinical School The University of Sydney  NSW 2006 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Waters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School The University of Sydney  NSW 2006 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macquarie Medical School Macquarie University  NSW 2109 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Machaalani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Medicine, Central Clinical School The University of Sydney  NSW 2006 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.291.5504.657"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.09.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20528"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0045\u201015.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23283"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401\u2010009\u20100619\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9071604"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10959"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00435"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23450"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433\u2010198103000\u201000005"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","first-page":"276","article-title":"Reactive astrocytes and macrophages in the brain stem of SIDS victims? 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