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Neuroinvasion via peripheral nerves, involving spinal or cranial somatic nerves, is well\u2010established for certain viral encephalitides such as rabies, herpes simplex encephalitis, and poliomyelitis. Advances in understanding emerging and re\u2010emerging viruses that cause epidemic CNS infections have highlighted the growing importance of peripheral nerve pathways in viral neuroinvasion. This review focuses on epidemic viral encephalitides caused by three groups of RNA viruses, viz., enteroviruses (enterovirus A71 and enterovirus D68), orthoflaviviruses (West Nile virus and Japanese encephalitis virus), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (mainly severe acute respiratory coronavirus\u20102). We examine evidence supporting the hypothesis that peripheral nerve viral transmission may play an increasingly significant if not more critical role than the haematogenous route in neuroinvasion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.70005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T03:15:24Z","timestamp":1740539724000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Neuroinvasion via Peripheral Nerves in Epidemic Viral Encephalitis Caused by Enterovirus, Orthoflavivirus and SARS\u2010Coronavirus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3690-6969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuan\u00a0Teng","family":"Hooi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection and Immunity Research Strength Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences Monash University Malaysia  Selangor Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tzeh\u00a0Long","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soon\u00a0Hao","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kien\u00a0Chai","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chee\u00a0Yang","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MBBS Class of 2017\/2022 Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kum\u00a0Thong","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"},{"name":"Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences Monash University Malaysia  Selangor Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.91"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280590900427"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-013-0179-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.12.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01701811"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280590922793"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02225\u201008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.66.1.296-304.1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-020-04558-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000911"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jhm.13085"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30632-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-019-0552-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"1301","article-title":"Clusters of Acute Respiratory Illness Associated With Human Enterovirus 68\u2014Asia, Europe, and United States, 2008\u20132010","volume":"60","author":"Centers for Disease C, Prevention","year":"2011","journal-title":"MMWR. 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