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Biomarkers facilitating the diagnostic process are needed. Alpha\u2010synuclein (\u03b1SN) aggregates are a known histological feature of IBM, but there is a lack of information on their diagnostic relevance. Furthermore, serum \u03b1SN concentrations in IBM have not been investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immunohistochemical staining for \u03b1SN was performed on 63 biopsies (19 IBM, 21 other inflammatory myopathies, 20 other myopathies and 3 healthy controls), and \u03b1SN reactive fibres were quantified. The serum concentration of \u03b1SN was determined by ELISA in 156 serum samples (11 IBM, 25 other inflammatory myopathies, 53 hereditary myopathies, 30 mitochondriopathies and 37 healthy controls).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The proportion of fibres with \u03b1SN immunoreactivity was significantly higher in IBM compared to all groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and discriminated IBM against all other neuromuscular disorders with a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 85%, which further improved when only non\u2010regenerating fibres were examined. In serum, \u03b1SN concentrations in IBM were generally not different from healthy controls. However, serum concentrations were inversely correlated with disease duration (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.62,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04) and positively correlated with the IBM functional rating scale (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.74,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01). Consequently, stratification according to these clinical parameters showed significantly lower serum \u03b1SN concentrations in late\u2010stage, more severely affected patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\u03b1SN reactivity may serve as an additional immunohistochemical marker for IBM diagnosis. Furthermore, this study indicates that \u03b1SN serum concentrations decrease with disease duration and clinical deterioration. Therefore, serum \u03b1SN may be provisionally considered a monitoring biomarker in IBM, pending further studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.70019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T04:29:54Z","timestamp":1747628994000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Alpha\u2010Synuclein as a Potential Biomarker for Inclusion Body Myositis in Blood and Muscle"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Tobias","family":"Mayer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Medicine Halle  Halle (Saale) Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leila","family":"Scholle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Medicine Halle  Halle (Saale) 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