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Physically active vegans (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20097) and omnivores (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20097) underwent a lower\u2010body muscle damage protocol consisting of five sets of repetitions to failure using the Smith machine squat and leg press at 85% of one\u2010repetition maximum (1RM). Muscle damage and recovery were assessed at baseline, immediately post\u2010exercise, and at 24, 48, and 72\u2009h post\u2010EIMD. Outcomes included serum concentrations of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), delayed\u2010onset muscle soreness (DOMS), countermovement jump (CMJ) performance, and range of motion (ROM). Habitual dietary intake was assessed using four 24\u2010h dietary recalls analysed via the Multiple Source Method (MSM) software. Participants demonstrated similar training volume across exercises and comparable hydration status. Protein intake was significantly lower in vegans (0.98\u2009g\/kg) compared to omnivores (2.14\u2009g\/kg), along with reduced intake of essential amino acids and, specifically, branched\u2010chain amino acids (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2264\u20090.05). CK levels increased immediately after EIMD and peaked at 24\u2009h, remaining elevated relative to baseline in both groups (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2264\u20090.05). LDH levels rose immediately post\u2010exercise in both groups and were still elevated at 24\u2009h (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2264\u20090.05). DOMS was markedly greater in vegans (+2.7 at 24\u2009h; +2.6 at 72\u2009h on VAS) than in omnivores at 24 and 72\u2009h post\u2010exercise (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2264\u20090.05). While habitually active vegans and omnivores exhibited similar overall responses in muscle damage and recovery following intense resistance exercise, vegans experienced clinically meaningful increases in DOMS. These findings suggest that a low\u2010protein vegan diet may be associated with increased perceived muscle damage, without impairing acute functional recovery. For individuals following a vegan diet, these results highlight the importance of ensuring adequate protein intake and protein quality, including sufficient essential amino acids and branched\u2010chain amino acids, to potentially mitigate exercise\u2010induced muscle soreness and optimise recovery comfort.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nbu.70064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T12:41:12Z","timestamp":1786538472000},"page":"389-406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Similar Muscle Recovery but Greater Soreness in Active Vegans on Low\u2010Protein Diets Compared to High\u2010Protein Omnivores Following Exercise\u2010Induced Damage"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8238-8958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel Sim\u00f5es","family":"Mendes\u2010Netto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Physical Education Federal University of Sergipe  S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o Sergipe Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences Federal University of Sergipe  S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o Sergipe Brazil"},{"name":"Nutrition Department Federal University of Sergipe  S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o Sergipe Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felipe Garcez","family":"de Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences Federal University of Sergipe  S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o Sergipe Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3513-1847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice Conrado","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Physical Education Federal University of 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