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Yet, there has been limited assessment of the dietary intake of contemporary vegans in Australia. Sixty\u2010six adult Australian vegans completed a four\u2010day, semi\u2010weighed food diary on two occasions. Intake from diet and supplements and diet alone was compared to the Australian Nutrient Reference Values (NRVs) for selected nutrients. Risk of micronutrient inadequacy was assessed using the cut\u2010point method, with comparison to the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) or Adequate Intake (AI). The contribution of Discretionary Food (DF) intake to total energy intake was examined. A total of 466\u2009days of dietary data were analysed after screening for under\u2010reporting. Macronutrient distribution matched the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution ranges (AMDR). Total protein intake aligned with measures of adequacy and guidelines for optimal protein intake. Nutrients most at risk in our sample were vitamin B12, calcium, iodine, selenium, zinc and omega\u20103 fatty acids. Supplementation did not fully resolve under\u2010consumption. DFs contributed 24.2% \u00b1\u200911.8% to total energy intake. Our data show that macronutrient intake for adult vegans was within acceptable ranges. However, even with the addition of dietary supplements, multiple micronutrients were under\u2010consumed. Theoretically, a well\u2010planned vegan diet can be nutritionally adequate; however support is needed to ensure adequate intake in practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nbu.70065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T07:59:50Z","timestamp":1786521590000},"page":"366-378","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nutrient and Discretionary Food Intake in Vegan Adult Australians: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3589-1862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda","family":"Smillie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Canberra  Bruce Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4378-1049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Minehan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Canberra  Bruce Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0121-4900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine R.","family":"Knight\u2010Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Canberra  Bruce Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40795-023-00793-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","article-title":"Risk of Osteoporosis and Anemia in Plant\u2010Based Diets: A Systematic Review of Nutritional Deficiencies and Clinical Implications","volume":"17","author":"Akinwumi F. 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