{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T03:40:26Z","timestamp":1788406826330,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,27]],"date-time":"2013-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nephrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children with sickle cell disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCD<\/jats:styled-content>) are remarkably more prone than others to renal dysfunction. The kidneys, as one of the systemic long\u2010term hazards in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCD<\/jats:styled-content>, may be affected by both the haemodynamic changes of chronic anaemia as well as by the consequences of vaso\u2010occlusion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the proximal tubular function in a group of Saudi children with established <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was conducted in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>l\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content>hafji <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>oint <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content>perations (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KJO<\/jats:styled-content>) Hospital, in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>audi <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>rabia during the period from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>une 2011 to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ugust 2012. Thirty\u2010four children: Group <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content> (18 males and 16 females) with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCD<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBSS<\/jats:styled-content>) and 27 children: Group <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> (17 males and 10 females) with sickle cell trait (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBAS<\/jats:styled-content>) were evaluated for urinary excretion of retinol binding protein (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBP<\/jats:styled-content>) and \u2013 Beta 2 microglobulin (\u03b22 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Group <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content> patients showed a significantly impaired urinary concentrating ability compared to that of Group <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> (417\u2009\u00b1\u200994\u2009m<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content>sm\/kg <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 581\u2009\u00b1\u2009165\u2009m<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content>sm\/kg). The urinary excretions of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBP<\/jats:styled-content> and \u03b22\u2010microglobulin were significantly higher in Group <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content> than in Group <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>. The values were 762.01\u2009\u00b1\u2009124.20\u2009\u03bcg\/L and 841.84\u2009\u00b1\u2009389.02\u2009\u03bcg\/L <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> 198.12\u2009\u00b1\u200942.24\u2009\u03bcg\/L and 298.3\u2009\u00b1\u200938.11\u2009\u03bcg\/L, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significant proximal tubular dysfunction was a feature in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCD<\/jats:styled-content> group, indicated by high urinary <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBP<\/jats:styled-content> and \u03b22\u2010microglobulin excretion. Assessing the urinary excretion of these low molecular weight proteins in children with sickle cell disease at different points of diagnosis may add key clinical information to the follow up of renal tubular function in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.12040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,25]],"date-time":"2013-02-25T06:44:37Z","timestamp":1361774677000},"page":"299-303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Renal tubular dysfunction in children with sickle cell haemoglobinopathy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Badr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department Zagazig University Children Hospital  Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed A","family":"El Koumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department Zagazig University Children Hospital  Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasser F","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department Zagazig University Children Hospital  Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salah","family":"El\u2010Morshedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department Zagazig University Children Hospital  Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nermin Abd","family":"Almonem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department Zagazig University Children Hospital  Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamer","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Department Zagazig University Children Hospital  Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rehab Abd","family":"El Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pathology Department Zagazig University Hospitals  Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona","family":"Afify","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Science College for Girls King AbdulAziz University  Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"1264","volume-title":"Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology","author":"Wang WC","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011101019"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-115-8-614"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation\u20102008.1.177"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1177\/039139889001300604","article-title":"Acute renal failure in sickle cell anemia","volume":"13","author":"Sklar AH","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int. J. Artif. Organs"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfm858"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/39.3.472","article-title":"Monoclonal antibody based immunoenzymometric assay of retinol\u2010binding protein","volume":"39","author":"Pereira AB","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408367909147135"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008030287"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","first-page":"391","article-title":"Uber den niederschlag, welchen pikrinsaure in normalen hrn erzeugt und uber eine neue reaction des kreatinins","volume":"10","author":"Jaffe M","year":"1886","journal-title":"Z. Physiol. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","first-page":"469","article-title":"Limitations of methods of osmometry: Measuring the osmolality of biological fluids","volume":"264","author":"Sweeny TE","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00862506"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(89)90024-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00865463"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(90)90073-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","unstructured":"NoursisMJ.Statistical Package for social Sciences (SPSS) base 10.0 for Windows user's Guide Chicago IL\u2010SPSS 1997."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1979.128"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000456328201900422"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI103360"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.22189"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/29.5.996","article-title":"\u03b22\u2010Microglobulin in urine: not suitable for assessing renal tubular function","volume":"29","author":"Bastable MD","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X1998001000004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","first-page":"226","article-title":"Human retinol\u2010binding protein: Its relationship to renal function in renal diseases","volume":"10","author":"Ayatse JO","year":"1991","journal-title":"West Afr. J. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/32.10.1863"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000054730"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02254190"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004670050455"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00865463"}],"container-title":["Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fnep.12040","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nep.12040","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T13:41:48Z","timestamp":1697290908000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/nep.12040"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,27]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/nep.12040"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nep.12040","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1320-5358","1440-1797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1320-5358","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1797","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-01-31","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-03-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}