{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T15:33:06Z","timestamp":1785252786230,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,27]],"date-time":"2013-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1369612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nephrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>Infections of the lower urinary tract and Acute Pyelonephritis are commonly encountered in clinical practice. Widespread usage of antibiotics and changing susceptibility profiles of uropathogens requires regular review of treatment guidelines to meet these challenges. We aimed to better understand the prevalence of uropathogens and emerging antibiotic resistance in patients with pyelonephritis requiring hospital admission.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>In this single centre, 12\u2010year retrospective observational study, we reviewed case notes and urine culture results of 249 patients admitted with Acute Pyelonephritis under the care of the N<\/jats:styled-content>ephrology D<\/jats:styled-content>epartment, along with 46\u2009660 urine samples with positive isolates from the Emergency Department (ED<\/jats:styled-content>) during the same period. The prevalence of uropathogens, their antibiotic susceptibilities and emerging resistance patterns to commonly used antibiotics were studied. Antibiotic susceptibilities were also reviewed in line with the currently recommended national guidelines for empiric therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>We found the most prevalent uropathogen to be E<\/jats:styled-content>scherichia coli<\/jats:italic>. Approximately 50% of E<\/jats:styled-content>.\u2009coli<\/jats:italic> infections were resistant to ampicillin. First and third generation cephalosporin resistance was <5%, however, the latter has increased over the last decade and is more prevalent in the elderly. Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic> was associated with less than 10% of cases of lower urinary tract infections and no case of pyelonephritis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Antibiotic resistance of uropathogens to commonly used antibiotics is increasing with time and there is a need for hospitals to review their recommended guidelines for empiric therapy in line with local patterns of uropathogens and antibiotic susceptibilities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.12062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,10]],"date-time":"2013-04-10T09:04:06Z","timestamp":1365584646000},"page":"463-467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Pyelonephritis: What are the present day causative organisms and antibiotic susceptibilities?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ajay","family":"Prabhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Renal Medicine St George Clinical School University of NSW Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology\/SEALS Pathology Immunology and Sexual Health St George Hospital Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pam","family":"Konecny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Immunology and Sexual Health St George Hospital Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Renal Medicine St George Clinical School University of NSW Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine St George Clinical School University of NSW Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-0685"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"626","article-title":"[Urinary tract infections and chronic renal failure]","volume":"57","author":"Sobotova D","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vnitr. 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