{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T11:56:59Z","timestamp":1778155019890,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,26]],"date-time":"2013-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nephrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>Treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN<\/jats:styled-content>) remains a controversial issue. While clinical trials have shown that some immunosuppressants combined with glucocorticoid have a good efficacy on IMN<\/jats:styled-content> patients. However, there is little data on leflunomide (LEF<\/jats:styled-content>) in treatment of IMN<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Records of every patient with biopsy\u2010proven IMN<\/jats:styled-content> in D<\/jats:styled-content>epartment of N<\/jats:styled-content>ephrology, the F<\/jats:styled-content>irst A<\/jats:styled-content>ffiliated H<\/jats:styled-content>ospital, X<\/jats:styled-content>i'an J<\/jats:styled-content>iaotong U<\/jats:styled-content>niversity from J<\/jats:styled-content>anuary 2005 to D<\/jats:styled-content>ecember 2011 (n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009194) were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with nephrotic IMN<\/jats:styled-content> were treated with LEF<\/jats:styled-content> plus oral prednisone (n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200932) for at least 12 months, whereas 31 patients who did not receive any immunosuppressants were used as controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Remission rates in the LEF<\/jats:styled-content> group were 31.3%, 59.4%, 68.8% and 71.9% at 6, 9, 12 and 15 months, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in controls. In the LEF<\/jats:styled-content> group, proteinuria decreased from 6.79\u2009g\/24\u2009h at baseline to 5.63\u2009g\/24\u2009h (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.01), 3.85\u2009g\/24\u2009h (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.01) and 2.51\u2009g\/24\u2009h (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.01) after treatment for 6, 9 and 12 months, respectively. Relapse occurred in five (21.7%) patients within a median of 14 months (range, 8\u201327) after cessation of LEF<\/jats:styled-content>. No patients developed renal insufficiency during the therapeutic period. Multivariate analysis suggested that age negatively correlated with achievement of remission (odds ratio, 0.87; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.05). No serious adverse events were observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>LEF<\/jats:styled-content> plus oral prednisone may be an alternative treatment option in C<\/jats:styled-content>hinese patients with nephrotic IMN<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.12143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,26]],"date-time":"2013-07-26T12:34:27Z","timestamp":1374842067000},"page":"615-622","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Leflunomide plus oral prednisone in treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy: A retrospective clinical study of efficacy and safety"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Shifeng","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liyi","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wujun","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aiping","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wanhong","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00710805"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2009080861"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2005.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198901263200403"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007020166"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5414\/CNP61017"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002215"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2002.00214.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.59.11.841"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/096120301678416033"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203304lu1067sr"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203308089408"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.019323"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clpt.2004.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000051761"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-1229(06)80011-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Clinical analysis of Hepatitis B associated glomerulonephritis (HBV\u2010GN) and intervention effect of lamivudine combined with leflunomide and prednisone","volume":"6","author":"Xia DQ","year":"2009","journal-title":"Zhongguo Yixue Chuangxin"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eci.11.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","first-page":"694","article-title":"Twenty\u2010seven cases of leflunomide in treatment of refractory syndrome","volume":"32","author":"Yu RJ","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chongqing Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2006.00547.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044330"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V93444","article-title":"A randomized study comparing methylprednisolone plus chlorambucil versus methylprednisolone plus cyclophosphamide in idiopathic membranous nephropathy","volume":"9","author":"Ponticelli C","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. 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