{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T21:35:16Z","timestamp":1769117716313,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,26]],"date-time":"2013-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nephrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Since viral infections activate type I<\/jats:styled-content> interferon (IFN<\/jats:styled-content>) pathways and cause subsequent release of IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010dependent proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines, the innate immune system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN<\/jats:styled-content>). It has been reported that human myxovirus resistance protein 1 (M<\/jats:styled-content>x1), a type I IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010dependent transcript, acts against a wide range of RNA<\/jats:styled-content> viruses. Although the expression of M<\/jats:styled-content>x1 in biopsy specimens obtained from patients with dermatomyositis and cutaneous lupus has been described, the expression of M<\/jats:styled-content>x1 in human mesangial cells (MCs<\/jats:styled-content>) has remained largely unknown. We treated normal human MCs<\/jats:styled-content> in culture with polyinosinic\u2010polycytidylic acid (poly IC<\/jats:styled-content>), an authentic double\u2010stranded RNA<\/jats:styled-content>, and analyzed the expression of M<\/jats:styled-content>x1 by reverse transcription\u2010polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. To elucidate the poly IC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010signalling pathway, we subjected the cells to RNA<\/jats:styled-content> interference against IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b2. We also conducted an immunofluorescence study to examine mesangial M<\/jats:styled-content>x1 expression in biopsy specimens from patients with LN<\/jats:styled-content>. Poly IC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced M<\/jats:styled-content>x1 expression in MCs<\/jats:styled-content> are shown both time\u2010 and dose\u2010dependently, and RNA<\/jats:styled-content> interference against IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b2 inhibited poly IC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced M<\/jats:styled-content>x1 expression. Intense glomerular M<\/jats:styled-content>x1 expression was observed in biopsy specimens from patients with LN<\/jats:styled-content>, whereas negative staining occurred in specimens from patients with IgA<\/jats:styled-content> nephropathy or purpura nephritis. These preliminary observations support, at least in part, the theory of innate immune system activation in the pathogenesis of LN<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.12155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,26]],"date-time":"2013-11-26T05:56:36Z","timestamp":1385445396000},"page":"833-837","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Glomerular expression of myxovirus resistance protein 1 in human mesangial cells: Possible activation of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Shojiro","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Hirosaki University Hospital Hirosaki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tadaatsu","family":"Imaizumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Biology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Shakaihoken Hospital Hirosaki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazushi","family":"Tsuruga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Hirosaki University Hospital Hirosaki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomomi","family":"Aizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Hirosaki University Hospital Hirosaki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Hirosaki University Hospital Hirosaki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoh","family":"Matsumiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Biology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Shakaihoken Hospital Hirosaki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hidemi","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Biology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Shakaihoken Hospital Hirosaki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kensuke","family":"Joh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pathology Sendai Shakaihoken Hospital Hirosaki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Etsuro","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Hirosaki University Hospital Hirosaki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Hirosaki University Hospital Hirosaki Japan"},{"name":"Department of School Health Science Hirosaki University Faculty of Education Hirosaki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2011.197"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.12047"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000228077"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"59","volume-title":"Genes and Autoimmunity \u2013 Intracellular Signaling and Microbiome Contribution","author":"Tanaka H","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.080585"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2007.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22044"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq270"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000328923"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.228.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01881-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31821f440a"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2012.1790","article-title":"Human myxovirus resistance protein 1 (MxA) as a useful marker in the differential diagnosis of subcutaneous lymphoma vs. lupus erythematosus orofundus","volume":"22","author":"Wang X","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. 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