{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T05:42:39Z","timestamp":1696311759620},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,17]],"date-time":"2013-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1387238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nephrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mizoribine (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MZR<\/jats:styled-content>) is a selective inhibitor of the inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase \u2013 a key enzyme in the <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic> pathway of guanine nucleotides \u2013 that was developed in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>apan. Besides its immunosuppressive effects, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MZR<\/jats:styled-content> has recently been reported to suppress the progression of histologic chronicity via suppression of macrophage infiltration of the interstitium in selected patients with lupus nephritis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examine the direct effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MZR<\/jats:styled-content> in human mesangial cells on the expression of functional molecules including monocyte chemoattractants in cultured human mesangial cells (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCs<\/jats:styled-content>) treated with polyinosinic\u2010polycytidylic acid (poly <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IC<\/jats:styled-content>), a synthetic analogue of viral <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">dsRNA<\/jats:styled-content>, that makes \u2018pseudoviral\u2019 infection, and analyzed the expression of target molecules by reverse transcriptase\u2010polymerase chain reaction and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>estern blotting. Thereafter, the effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MZR<\/jats:styled-content> on the expressions was examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pretreatment of cells with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MZR<\/jats:styled-content> partially, but significantly, attenuates the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCP<\/jats:styled-content>)\u20101 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> and protein, whereas the poly <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced expressions for the other functional molecules, such as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCL5<\/jats:styled-content>, fractalkine and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20108 were not influenced by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MZR<\/jats:styled-content> treatment. On the other hand, pretreatment of cells with tacrolimus did not suppress the expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mizoribine itself selectively attenuated the expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> and protein levels in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCs<\/jats:styled-content> treated with poly <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IC;<\/jats:styled-content> that is, a possible model of \u2018pseudoviral\u2019 infection, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.12171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,18]],"date-time":"2013-10-18T10:27:40Z","timestamp":1382092060000},"page":"47-52","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Mizoribine selectively attenuates monocyte chemoattractant protein\u20101 production in cultured human glomerular mesangial cell: A possible benefit of its use in the treatment of lupus nephritis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Tomomi","family":"Aizawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Hirosaki University Hospital  Hirosaki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tadaatsu","family":"Imaizumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Biology Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki University  Hirosaki 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