{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T01:35:22Z","timestamp":1769304922385,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,20]],"date-time":"2014-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1400544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nephrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>Omeprazole is an important cause of drug\u2010induced acute interstitial nephritis (AIN<\/jats:styled-content>). How omeprazole induces injury is unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods and Results<\/jats:title>Detailed clinical assessment of 25 biopsy\u2010proven cases of omeprazole\u2010induced AIN<\/jats:styled-content> showed that all patients presented with impaired renal function, sterile pyuria with varying amounts of proteinuria but no eosinophiluria and no systemic symptoms to suggest a vasculitis. Histological analyses were characteristic of an acute tubulitis with an inflammatory cellular infiltrate. Using modified B<\/jats:styled-content>anff scheme criteria, mild tubulitis (t1) was present in 56% of cases, a moderate tubulitis (t2) in 24% of cases, and a severe tubulitis in 20% of cases. Most (78%) of cases had mononuclear cell infiltrates, no significant eosinophilic infiltrates were found, and glomeruli were not involved. Immunostaining for CD<\/jats:styled-content>4, CD<\/jats:styled-content>8, IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201017A<\/jats:styled-content>, IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201017F<\/jats:styled-content>, Foxp<\/jats:styled-content>3 and T<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010bet (T<\/jats:styled-content> cell subsets), CD<\/jats:styled-content>20 and CD<\/jats:styled-content>163 defined the cellular infiltrates. The predominant inflammatory cells were CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+ lymphocytic aggregates (77% of cases), combined with co\u2010staining of CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 IL<\/jats:styled-content> and 17A<\/jats:styled-content>\/F<\/jats:styled-content> in 44\u201348% of all cases, suggesting a Th<\/jats:styled-content>17\u2010mediated inflammatory process. T<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010bet+ cell infiltrates were present to a lesser degree, suggesting additional Th<\/jats:styled-content>1 involvement. How omeprazole induces this inflammatory response is unclear, but may include direct effects by IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201017 expressing CD<\/jats:styled-content>4+ cells on renal tubular cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>This large biopsy series of omeprazole\u2010induced AIN<\/jats:styled-content> demonstrates the features of acute tubulitis, with significant interstitial infiltrates consistent with immunopathological Th<\/jats:styled-content>17 and Th<\/jats:styled-content>1 processes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.12226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,13]],"date-time":"2014-03-13T14:06:54Z","timestamp":1394719614000},"page":"359-365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Omeprazole\u2010induced acute interstitial nephritis: A possible Th<\/scp>1\u2013Th<\/scp>17\u2010mediated injury?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Linda","family":"Berney\u2010Meyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Pathology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand"},{"name":"Microbiology and Immunology Department Albert Einstein College of Medicine New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noelyn","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Pathology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tania","family":"Slatter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Pathology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John BW","family":"Schollum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Pathology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A Richard","family":"Kitching","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Monash University Monash Medical Centre Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert J","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Pathology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2006.00651.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2005.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(92)90181-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"U332","article-title":"Omeprazole\u2010induced acute interstitial nephritis","volume":"116","author":"Delve P","year":"2003","journal-title":"N. 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