{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,25]],"date-time":"2025-05-25T12:26:51Z","timestamp":1748176011210},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,28]],"date-time":"2015-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1445990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nephrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>We report here, a case series of patients with acute kidney injury (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKI<\/jats:styled-content>) after ingestion of paraphenylene diamine (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content>) a derivative of analine. It is used as a colouring agent to dye hair, fur and plastic and in photographic films.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subjects for the study reported here comprised a cohort of 100 patients coming to this institution with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKI<\/jats:styled-content> following <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content> poisoning. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKI<\/jats:styled-content> was defined according to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RIFLE<\/jats:styled-content> criteria and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content> poisoning on the basis of history and presenting features. All patients had normal sized kidneys on ultrasonography and no previous co\u2010 morbidity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKI<\/jats:styled-content> after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content> exposure were brought to this institute between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>ay 2010 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>ebruary 2015. Among these, 56 were females, with mean age of 23.11\u2009\u00b1\u20097.94 years. Cause of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKI<\/jats:styled-content> was toxic rhabdomyolysis as indicated by marked rise in muscle enzymes with mean lactate dehydrogenase and creatinine phosphokinase levels of 6665.22\u2009\u00b1\u20096272.04 and 194\u2009486.66\u2009\u00b1\u2009301\u2009905.80, respectively. Hepatotoxicity with raised aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase was a main feature of the studied population. Renal replacement was required in 97% of patients. Complete renal recovery was observed in 77 patients, while 16 died during the acute phase of illness. Respiratory failure and recurrent hyperkalaemia were the main causes of mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Easy availability and low cost of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPD<\/jats:styled-content> has lead to a remarkable increase in the use of this substance, especially for suicidal purposes. Awareness of its effects among health professionals, as well as at a societal and government level, is needed at this time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.12534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,5]],"date-time":"2015-06-05T12:59:10Z","timestamp":1433509150000},"page":"887-891","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["From diamonds to black stone; myth to reality: Acute kidney injury with paraphenylene diamine poisoning"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Rubina","family":"Naqvi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT)  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fazal","family":"Akhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT)  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uzma","family":"Farooq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT)  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sumaira","family":"Ashraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT)  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syed Adibul Hasan","family":"Rizvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT)  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ajnt.v4i1.63151"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"671","volume-title":"Clinical Nephrotoxins: Renal Injury from Drugs and Chemicals","author":"Hamdouk MI","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.3297.421"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1932.tb42242.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"131","article-title":"Acute renal failure following paraphenylene diamine [hair dye] poisoning: Report of two cases","volume":"13","author":"Chugh KS","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-5229.37717"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15563659309025769"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096032719401300305"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"120","article-title":"Acute angioedema in paraphenylenediamine poisoning","volume":"53","author":"Ashar A","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Pak. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"404","article-title":"Acute poisoning from hair dye","volume":"68","author":"Yagi H","year":"1991","journal-title":"East Afr. Med. J."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/td.2010.090367"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233709360200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"131","article-title":"Rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure secondary to toxic material abuse in morocco","volume":"8","author":"Fatihi M","year":"1997","journal-title":"Saudi J. Kidney Dis. Transpl."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)70238-5","article-title":"Acute renal failure","volume":"365","author":"Lameire N","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"519","article-title":"Laryngeal edema, rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure following ingestion of \u2018black rock\u2019","volume":"15","author":"Nevo\u2010Shor A","year":"2013","journal-title":"Isr. Med. Assoc. J."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","unstructured":"MillerML.Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis 2014(19 Sep) \u2013 Up Todate \u2013 Version 11.0."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"743","article-title":"Hair dye ingestion \u2013 an uncommon cause of acute kidney injury","volume":"57","author":"Sahay M","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Physicians India"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/suli.2006.36.1.76"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"34","article-title":"Deliberate self harm: Frequency and associated factors","volume":"11","author":"Kermani F","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Surg. Pak. (Int.)"}],"container-title":["Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fnep.12534","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nep.12534","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T07:00:47Z","timestamp":1695538847000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/nep.12534"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,28]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/nep.12534"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nep.12534","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1320-5358","1440-1797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1320-5358","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1797","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-06-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-10-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}