{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T22:28:39Z","timestamp":1759962519112},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]],"date-time":"2016-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1453939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81000279"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81000279"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nephrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal dietary protein restriction reduces nephron number in offspring and increases the risk of cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases. Perlecan is the major basement membrane\/extracellular matrix heparan sulfate proteoglycan (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSPG<\/jats:styled-content>) that plays a crucial role in nephron formation. This study was to determine whether maternal dietary protein restriction during pregnancy leads to an abnormal perlecan expression pattern during kidney development and a correlation with aberrant cell proliferation and apoptosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pregnant Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were divided into two groups, maintained on either a low\u2010protein diet (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MLP<\/jats:styled-content> group) or a normal\u2010protein diet (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MNP<\/jats:styled-content> group). Kidneys were dissected from embryos of different kidney development stages. Real\u2010time <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect the transcript level of rHSPG2, the coding gene of perlecan, and its protein expression pattern. Apoptosis and proliferation cell were detected by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TUNEL<\/jats:styled-content> system and Ki67 marker.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Embryonic weights and nephron number were significantly affected by maternal low protein diets. The transcript level of r<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSPG<\/jats:styled-content>2 in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MLP<\/jats:styled-content> group was significantly lower at embryonic day 18 and the neonatal period. Immunohistochemistry study was consistent with the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT\u2010PCR<\/jats:styled-content> results. The proliferation level of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MLP<\/jats:styled-content> group was significantly lower than the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MNP<\/jats:styled-content> group at E18 and more apoptotic cells was detected in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MLP<\/jats:styled-content> newborn.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal protein restriction reduced the expression of perlecan and lead aberrant cell proliferation and apoptosis during mid\u2010metanephrogenesis in offspring. This data may provide new evidence to understand the mechanism of reduced nephron number due to maternal protein restriction and enlighten solution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.12583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,6]],"date-time":"2015-08-06T08:06:03Z","timestamp":1438848363000},"page":"200-208","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Maternal protein restriction reduces perlecan at mid\u2010metanephrogenesis in rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Xiao\u2010Shan","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology Children's Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology Children's Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology Children's Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xi\u2010Liang","family":"Zha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Shanghai Medical College Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology Children's Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneph0344"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2007.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1992.tb13726.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007020252"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000041"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00225.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2002.00264.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"318","article-title":"Mechanism of nephron deficit in rat model of intrauterine growth retardation","volume":"23","author":"Chen J","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chin. 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