{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T05:29:24Z","timestamp":1778995764383,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]],"date-time":"2016-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1453939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009891","name":"International Society of Nephrology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009891","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nephrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>ocardia infections are an uncommon but important cause of morbidity and mortality in renal transplant recipients. The present study was carried out to determine the spectrum of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>ocardia infections in a renal transplant centre in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective chart analysis of all renal transplants performed from 2008 to 2014 was conducted to identify cases of culture proven <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>ocardia infection. The clinical course for each patient with nocardiosis was examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four of the 543 renal transplants patients developed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>ocardia infection within 2 to 13 months post\u2010transplant. All patients were judged at high immunological risk of rejection pre\u2010transplant and had received multiple sessions of plasmaphoeresis and intravenous immunoglobulin before the onset of the infection. Two patients presented with pulmonary nocardiosis and two with cerebral abscesses. One case of pulmonary nocardiosis was complicated by pulmonary aspergillosis and the other by cytomegalovirus pneumonia. All four patients improved with combination antibiotic therapy guided by drug susceptibility testing. At the time of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>ocardia infection all four patients were receiving primary prophylaxis with trimethoprim\/sulphamethoxazole (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMP<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMX<\/jats:styled-content>) 160\/800\u2009mg, twice weekly.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plasmaphoeresis may be risk factor for Nocardia infection and need further study. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>ocardia infection may coexist with other opportunistic infections. Identification of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>ocardia species and drug susceptibility testing is essential in guiding the effective management of patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>ocardia. Intermittent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TMP\u2010SMX<\/jats:styled-content> (one double strength tablet, twice a week) appears insufficient to prevent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>ocardia infection in renal transplant recipients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.12585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,11]],"date-time":"2015-08-11T10:14:54Z","timestamp":1439288094000},"page":"254-260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Different faces of <scp>N<\/scp>ocardia infection in renal transplant recipients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Shailendra","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology Monash Medical Centre  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital  Biratnagar Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Kanellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology Monash Medical Centre  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tony","family":"Korman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology Monash Medical Centre  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevan R","family":"Polkinghorne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology Monash Medical Centre  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology Monash Medical Centre  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Yii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery Monash Medical Centre  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter G","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology Monash Medical Centre  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Mulley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology Monash Medical Centre  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2011.11.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/514340"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000141100.30871.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2011.06.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3062.2000.020302.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2006.01460.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","volume-title":"Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacteria, Nocardiae, and Other Aerobic Actinomycetes","author":"CLSI","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.idc.0000269909.41735.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3062.2000.020306.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199806113382407"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2011.00607.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2004.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e3282f85dd3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2007.00275.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2009.00413.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"758630","article-title":"Allergic broncho pulmonary aspergillosis complicated by nocardiosis","volume":"2012","author":"Sharma B","year":"2012","journal-title":"Case Rep. 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