{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T15:26:25Z","timestamp":1767540385252,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,12]],"date-time":"2016-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust Postdoctoral Training Fellowship","award":["095949\/Z\/11\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["095949\/Z\/11\/Z"]}]},{"name":"ISN\/UK RA"},{"name":"Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Training Fellowship","award":["165966"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["165966"]}]},{"name":"Royal Free NHS Foundation Trust"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nephrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Treatment of frequently relapsing or steroid\u2010dependent minimal change disease (MCD) in children and adults remains challenging. Glucocorticoids and\/or other immunosuppressive agents are the mainstay of treatment, but patients often experience toxicity from prolonged exposure and may either become treatment dependent and\/or resistant. Increasing evidence suggests that rituximab (RTX) can be a useful alternative to standard immunosuppression and allow withdrawal of maintenance immunosuppressants; however, data on optimal treatment regimens, long\u2010term efficacy and safety are still limited.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We undertook a prospective study of RTX to allow immunosuppression minimization in 15 young adults with frequently relapsing or steroid\u2010dependent, biopsy\u2010proven MCD. All patients were in remission at the start of treatment and on a calcineurin inhibitor. Two doses of RTX (1\u2009gr) were given 6\u2009months apart. A subset of patients also received an additional dose 12\u2009months later, in order to examine the benefit of re\u2010treatment. Biochemical and clinical parameters were monitored over an extended follow\u2010up period of up to 43\u2009months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Median steroid\u2010free survival after RTX was 25\u2009months (range 4\u201334). Mean relapse frequency decreased from 2.60\u2009\u00b1\u20090.28 to 0.4\u2009\u00b1\u20090.19 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) after RTX. Seven relapses occurred, five of which (71%) when CD19 counts were greater than 100\u2009\u00b5. Immunoglobulin levels remained unchanged, and no major side effects were observed throughout the follow\u2010up period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rituximab therapy is effective at maintaining prolonged steroid\u2010free remission and reducing relapse frequency in this group of patients. Our study lends further support for the role of RTX in the treatment of patients with frequently relapsing or steroid\u2010dependent MCD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.12744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,10]],"date-time":"2016-02-10T11:42:16Z","timestamp":1455104536000},"page":"893-900","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Effective treatment with rituximab for the maintenance of remission in frequently relapsing minimal change disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9457-3202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugenia","family":"Papakrivopoulou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London Centre for Nephrology, Royal Free Campus University College London  London UK"},{"name":"University College London Institute of Child Health University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali M.","family":"Shendi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London Centre for Nephrology, Royal Free Campus University College London  London UK"},{"name":"Nephrology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University  Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan D.","family":"Salama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London Centre for Nephrology, Royal Free Campus University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Khosravi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London Centre for Nephrology, Royal Free Campus University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John O.","family":"Connolly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London Centre for Nephrology, Royal Free Campus University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Trompeter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London Centre for Nephrology, Royal Free Campus University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"319","article-title":"Nephrotic syndrome in the elderly","volume":"16","author":"Cameron JS","year":"1996","journal-title":"Semin. 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