{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T13:36:29Z","timestamp":1781789789016,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,11]],"date-time":"2016-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1476144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000975","name":"Kidney Health Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000975","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nephrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We summarize new knowledge that has accrued in recent years on chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Indigenous Australians. CKD refers to all stages of preterminal kidney disease, including end\u2010stage kidney failure (ESKF), whether or not a person receives renal replacement therapy (RRT). Recently recorded rates of ESKF, RRT, non\u2010dialysis CKD hospitalizations and CKD attributed deaths were, respectively, more than sixfold, eightfold, eightfold and threefold those of non\u2010Indigenous Australians, with age adjustment, although all except the RRT rates are still under\u2010enumerated. However, the nationwide average Indigenous incidence rate of RRT appears to have stabilized. The median age of Indigenous people with ESKF was about 30\u2009years less than for non\u2010Indigenous people, and 84% of them received RTT, while only half of non\u2010Indigenous people with ESKF did so. The first\u2010ever (2012) nationwide health survey data showed elevated levels of CKD markers in Indigenous people at the community level. For all CKD parameters, rates among Indigenous people themselves were strikingly correlated with increasing remoteness of residence and socio\u2010economic disadvantage, and there was a female predominance in remote areas. The burden of renal disease in Australian Indigenous people is seriously understated by Global Burden of Disease Mortality methodology, because it employs underlying cause of death only, and because deaths of people on RRT are frequently attributed to non\u2010renal causes.<\/jats:p><jats:p>These data give a much expanded view of CKD in Aboriginal people. Methodologic approaches must be remedied for a full appreciation of the burden, costs and outcomes of the disease, to direct appropriate policy development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.12798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,14]],"date-time":"2016-04-14T06:34:33Z","timestamp":1460615673000},"page":"916-922","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["An expanded nationwide view of chronic kidney disease in Aboriginal Australians"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Wendy E","family":"Hoy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Chronic Disease, School of Medicine The University of Queensland  St Lucia Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan A","family":"Mott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Chronic Disease, School of Medicine The University of Queensland  St Lucia Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen P","family":"Mc Donald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Adelaide and Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry (ANZDATA)  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_3_2_1","unstructured":"ANZDATA Registry.38th Report chapter 12: Indigenous people and end stage kidney disease. Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry Adelaide Australia.2016. [Cited 2 Feb 2016.] Available from URL:http:\/\/www.anzdata.org.au"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_3_1","unstructured":"Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet.Chronic conditions: Review of kidney disease among indigenous people. Last update Sept 2015. [Cited 3 Sept 2015.] Available from URL:http:\/\/www.healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au\/chronic\u2010conditions"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b14128-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2012.307"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000397"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc0905777"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V133677"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DuffyDL HoyWE HayhurstBet al.Familial aggregation of albuminuria renal insufficiency and arterial hypertension in an Aboriginal Australian community and the contribution of variants in ACE and TP53. Under revision for BMC Nephrology March 2016.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-016-0396-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2013.174"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfu118"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_12_1","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.Chronic kidney disease in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people 2011. Cat. no. PHE 151 Canberra: AIHW 2011."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_13_1","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.Cardiovascular disease diabetes and chronic kidney disease\u2013Australian facts: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Cardiovascular diabetes and chronic kidney disease series no. 5. Cat. no. CDK 5. Canberra: AIHW 2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfu109"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_15_1","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.Australia's Health 2014. Australia's health series no. 14. Cat. no. AUS 178. Canberra: AIHW 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000232439.88527.49"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-8-31"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2009.236"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfr070"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_20_1","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.End stage kidney disease in Australia. Total incidence 2003\u20102007. Cat no. PHE 143 Canberra: AIHW 2011."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_21_1","unstructured":"Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet.Overview of Australian indigenous health status 2014. Hospitalisations. Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet 2015. [Cited 3 Sept 2015.] Available from URL:http:\/\/www.healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au\/health\u2010facts\/overviews\/hospitalisation"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_22_1","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.Assessment of the coding of ESKD in deaths and hospitalisation data. A working paper using linked hospitalisation and deaths data from Western Australia and New South Wales. Cat. no. PHE 182. Canberra: AIHW 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_23_1","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.Chronic kidney disease: Regional variation in Australia. Cat. no. PHE 172. Canberra: AIHW 2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_24_1","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.Australian burden of disease study: Fatal burden of disease in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people 2010. Australian Burden of Disease Study series 2. Cat no BOD 2. 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