{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T02:40:39Z","timestamp":1768444839644,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,6]],"date-time":"2017-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1499299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fund for Scientific and Mobile","award":["5\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5\/2013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nephrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate the association of an insertion\/deletion (I\/D) polymorphism in angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme (ACE) gene with serum ACE level in relation to the type and severity of malformations from congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) spectrum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A group of 134 Bulgarian children with CAKUT divided into four subgroups according to the leading malformation and 109 controls were genotyped by classical polymerase chain reaction. The quantitative determination of serum ACE was performed by ELISA method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A significant elevation of DD\u2010genotype was observed in high\u2010grade hydronephrosis compared to low\u2010grade (43% vs. 9%). The carrying of DD\u2010genotype was associated with higher risk for severe hydronephrosis with OR\u2009=\u20097.5 (95% CI: 1.242\u00f745.278; <jats:italic>P\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u20090.028). Also, elevated serum ACE concentrations in patients with high\u2010grade compared to low\u2010grade hydronephrosis (237.4\u2009\u00b1\u200945\u2009ng\/mL vs 180.5\u2009\u00b1\u200964\u2009ng\/mL; <jats:italic>P\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u20090.0065) were found. ACE level was significantly lower in patients with unilateral renal agenesis; hypo\/dysplasia and multicystic dysplastic kidney (156.6\u2009\u00b1\u200954\u2009ng\/mL) than controls (200.6\u2009\u00b1\u200956.7\u2009ng\/mL; <jats:italic>P\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u20090.005) and the remaining CAKUT subgroups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The DD genotype of I\/D ACE polymorphism encodes the highest serum ACE level may be an additional genetic risk factor contributing to the severe hydronephrosis in Bulgarian patients with obstructive uropathies in contrast to other investigated categories of CAKUT malformations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.12824","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,22]],"date-time":"2016-05-22T19:35:09Z","timestamp":1463945709000},"page":"609-616","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["ACE serum level and I\/D gene polymorphism in children with obstructive uropathies and other congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Emilya Stambolova","family":"Kostadinova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty Trakia University  Stara Zagora Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lyuba Dineva","family":"Miteva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty Trakia University  Stara Zagora Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Spaska Angelova","family":"Stanilova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty Trakia University  Stara Zagora Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-010-1629-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/909083"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2014.95"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1623"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.59.3.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2011.73"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1797.1998.d01-30.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1797.1997.tb00290.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114844"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.6.1387"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-004-1486-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000164739.13408.e2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2010.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-009-1240-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2005.00430.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1470320312437892"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"191","article-title":"Genetic polymorphism in angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme gene and congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract","volume":"12","author":"Kostadinova E","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trakia J. 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