{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:54:35Z","timestamp":1791561275925,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,4]],"date-time":"2017-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council Scholarship","award":["1017360"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1017360"]}]},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council Scholarship","award":["1037162)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1037162)"]}]},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council Scholarship","award":["571372"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["571372"]}]},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council Fellowship"},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council Capacity Building Grant"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nephrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diabetes, hypertension and smoking may contribute to the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its complications. The aim of this study was to assess patients' awareness and beliefs about these and other risk factors associated with CKD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants with CKD Stages 1\u20135 were purposively sampled for participation in a mixed methods study. Focus group participants completed a survey on CKD risk factors and discussed the reasons for their choices. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 38 participants, the proportion who identified hypertension, family history, diabetes and obesity as risk factors for CKD were 89%, 87%, 87% and 70% respectively. Only 54% and 38% recognized that smoking and Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander status were risk factors. Participants considered the risks of heart attack, stroke and premature mortality to be 20\u201340% lower in people with CKD than those with diabetes or pre\u2010existing cardiovascular disease. Five themes were identified: invisibility (lack of signs and symptoms of CKD), invincibility (participants did not feel they were at risk), lacking awareness (identified not knowing much about their disease), cumulative comorbidities (concerned about the increased risks of associated diseases) and inevitability of death (there is no cure for CKD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants had good understanding of some risk factors for CKD (hypertension and diabetes) but limited understanding of others. Awareness of comorbidities was also less than for other chronic conditions. Compared with diabetes and cardiovascular disease, CKD was perceived to pose less of a threat to life. Patient education that addresses CKD risk factors, comorbidities and outcomes may increase awareness and foster better self\u2010management for people with CKD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.12829","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,2]],"date-time":"2016-06-02T00:45:51Z","timestamp":1464828351000},"page":"374-381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Patient awareness and beliefs about the risk factors and comorbidities associated with chronic kidney disease : A mixed\u2010methods study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Pamela A","family":"Lopez\u2010Vargas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Public Health The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Kidney Research The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Public Health The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Kidney Research The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Howell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Public Health The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Kidney Research The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard KS","family":"Phoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Renal Medicine Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Hospital  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven J","family":"Chadban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan C","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Public Health The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Kidney Research The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfn356"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.6.659"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2004030203"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60595-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.223"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)62004-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60687-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.05541008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60572-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.00712.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61350-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.14.1737"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2008.376"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"106","article-title":"Patient perception of risk factors associated with chronic kidney disease morbidity and mortality","volume":"20","author":"Tan AU","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ethn. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.12519"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2008.tb01585.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","volume-title":"Comorbidity of Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease in Australia","author":"Tong B","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzm042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","volume-title":"Basics of Qualitative Research","author":"Strauss A","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000441139.02102.80"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.548206"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009958"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj173"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2010.01415.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","unstructured":"National Kidney Foundation.Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP). [Cited 22 May 2015.] Available from:https:\/\/www.kidney.org\/news\/keep."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","unstructured":"Kidney Health Australia (KHA).Support. [Cited 22 May 2015.] Available from:http:\/\/www.kidney.org.au\/ForPatients\/tabid\/581\/Default.aspx."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","unstructured":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK).Health Information. [Cited 22 May 2015.] Available from:http:\/\/www.niddk.nih.gov\/health\u2010information\/healthcare\u2010professionals\/Pages\/default.aspx."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","unstructured":"The Renal Association.Information for Patients. [Cited 22 May 2015.] Available from:http:\/\/www.renal.org\/information\u2010resources\/information\u2010for\u2010patients#sthash.QR2EhCY4.dpbs."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","unstructured":"The Kidney Foundation of Canada.Your Kidneys. [Cited 22 May 2015.] Available from:http:\/\/www.kidney.ca\/your\u2010kidneys."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2013.03.002"}],"container-title":["Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fnep.12829","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fnep.12829","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nep.12829","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T09:39:29Z","timestamp":1696239569000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/nep.12829"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,4]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/nep.12829"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nep.12829","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1320-5358","1440-1797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1320-5358","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1797","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-01-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-05-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-04-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}