{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T19:01:08Z","timestamp":1778871668415,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,17]],"date-time":"2017-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1508198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Kidney Research UK project","award":["RP35\/2011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RP35\/2011"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nephrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is unknown whether patients recruited to renal cardiac imaging studies are fully representative of the investigated population and whether there are differences in characteristics and survival between participants and non\u2010participants (excluded or declined consent).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:p><jats:p>Four hundred thirty\u2010five maintenance haemodialysis patients were screened in an observational, prospective study. Baseline demographics, laboratory results, social deprivation scores and survival data were collected from patient records. All patients were followed\u2010up until death, renal transplantation or 16 November 2015.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010four patients were excluded (16 language barrier, 10 mental incapacity, 9 severe co\u2010morbid illness and 9 because of immobility), 172 patients declined consent (84% due to reluctance to attend for an extra visit) and 219 patients were recruited. Excluded patients had a lower mean haemoglobin (10.2\u2009g\/dL <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 10.7\u2009g\/dL), phosphate (4.15\u2009mg\/dL <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 4.74\u2009mg\/dL), albumin (3.6\u2009g\/dL <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 3.8\u2009g\/dL) and higher C\u2010reactive protein (3.2\u2009mg\/dL <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic> 1.6\u2009mg\/dL) compared with recruited patients. No difference was identified between groups for Charleston comorbidity index (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.115) or social deprivation scores. After a median follow\u2010up of 29.7 (25th\u201375th percentile, 21.1\u201334.3) months, there were 141 deaths. In a multivariable Cox regression model adjusting for BMI, age, Charleston comorbidity index, haemoglobin, albumin, smoking status and diabetes mellitus, patients who declined consent had an adjusted HR of 1.70, 95% CI 1.10\u20132.52, and excluded patients had an adjusted HR of 1.30, 95% CI 0.75\u20132.25, for all\u2010cause mortality compared with recruited patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients recruited to the study had longer survival compared with non\u2010participants. Research studies should document phenotypes of non\u2010participants to aid interpretation and generalizability of results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.12865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,17]],"date-time":"2017-10-17T11:15:12Z","timestamp":1508238912000},"page":"864-871","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Non\u2010recruitment to and selection bias in studies using echocardiography in haemodialysis patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Diana YY","family":"Chiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Research Group, Institute of Population Health The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre"},{"name":"Departments of Renal Medicine Salford Royal Hospital, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust  Salford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darren","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Research Group, Institute of Population Health The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nik","family":"Abidin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Cardiology Salford Royal Hospital, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust  Salford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Research Group, Institute of Population Health The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aghogho","family":"Odudu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Sciences University of Manchester  Manchester"},{"name":"Departments of Renal Medicine Salford Royal Hospital, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust  Salford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Smeeta","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Research Group, Institute of Population Health The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre"},{"name":"Departments of Renal Medicine Salford Royal Hospital, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust  Salford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip A","family":"Kalra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Research Group, Institute of Population Health The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre"},{"name":"Departments of Renal Medicine Salford Royal Hospital, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust  Salford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2014.01.450"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2001.21300"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"Data.Gov.Uk.English indices of deprivation 2010 [Internet]. Department for communities and local government. 2010. p. 1. Available from:https:\/\/data.gov.uk\/dataset\/index\u2010of\u2010multiple\u2010deprivation"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.9.905"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1076-7460.2004.01709.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1544"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200008173430706"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/154099903766651577"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2342-12-23"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfp133"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(00)00305-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2012.11286.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dju002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-139X.2005.18209.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00030505"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2008.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.10.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39335.541782.AD"}],"container-title":["Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fnep.12865","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nep.12865","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T10:10:37Z","timestamp":1695982237000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/nep.12865"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,17]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/nep.12865"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nep.12865","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1320-5358","1440-1797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1320-5358","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1797","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-06-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-07-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-10-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}