{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T21:49:41Z","timestamp":1766180981112},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,21]],"date-time":"2017-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1492732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":51,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nephrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who suffer a minimal trauma fracture, the problem is to differentiate between osteoporosis and the various forms of renal bone disease associated with CKD\u2013mineral and bone disorder. This problem is exacerbated by the fact that renal osteodystrophy may coexist with osteoporosis. The World Health Organization's bone mineral density (BMD) criteria for osteopenia ( \u22122.5\u00a0&lt;\u00a0T\u2010score\u00a0&lt;\u00a0\u22121.0) and osteoporosis (a T\u2010score\u00a0\u2264\u00a0\u22122.5) may be used in patients with CKD stages 1\u20133. In CKD stages 4\u20135, BMD by dual\u2010energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry (DXA) is less predictive and may underestimate fracture risk. The development of absolute fracture risk (AFR) algorithms, such as FRAX\u00ae and the Garvan absolute fracture risk calculator, to predict risk of fracture over a given time (usually 10\u00a0years) aims to incorporate non\u2010BMD risk factors into the clinical assessment. FRAX\u00ae has been shown to be useful to assess fracture risk in CKD but may underestimate fracture risk in advanced CKD. The trabecular bone score is a measure of grey scale homogeneity obtained from spine DXA, which correlates to trabecular microarchitecture and is an independent risk factor for fracture. Recent data demonstrate the potential utility of the trabecular bone score adjustment of AFR through the FRAX\u00ae algorithm in subjects with CKD. Parameters of bone microarchitecture using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) or high\u2010resolution pQCT are also able to discriminate fracture status in subjects with CKD. However, there are at present no convincing data that the addition of pQCT or high\u2010resolution pQCT parameters to DXA BMD improves fracture discrimination. More advanced estimates of bone strength derived from measurements of micro\u2010architecture, by QCT\u2010derived finite element analysis may be incorporated into AFR algorithms in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.13016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,21]],"date-time":"2017-04-21T05:40:22Z","timestamp":1492753222000},"page":"19-21","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Use of dual energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry, the trabecular bone score and quantitative computed tomography in the evaluation of chronic kidney disease\u2010mineral and bone disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Pocock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"St Vincent's Hospital  Darlinghurst Australia"},{"name":"University of New South Wales  Kensington"},{"name":"Garvan Institute of Medical Research  Darlinghurst Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.6.785"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-006-9006-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/boneres.2014.44"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198\u2010014\u20102813\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-007-0543-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107695"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.06040614"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2007.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2011.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.499"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2048"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-012-2188-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_14_1","first-page":"S46","article-title":"A meta\u2010analysis of trabecular bone score in fracture risk prediction and its interaction with FRAX\u00ae","volume":"26","author":"Kanis JAOA","year":"2015","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"e_1_2_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-013-2502-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00720116"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198\u2010015\u20103424\u2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-012-1908-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.09711010"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1916"}],"container-title":["Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fnep.13016","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nep.13016","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T21:37:05Z","timestamp":1695677825000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/nep.13016"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/nep.13016"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nep.13016","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1320-5358","1440-1797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1320-5358","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1797","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-04-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}