{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T10:43:27Z","timestamp":1762253007621,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,7]],"date-time":"2019-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008907","name":"University of Peradeniya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008907","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nephrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Kidney disease of unknown aetiology (CKDu) has been a health problem in the rural farming community of the North Central province of Sri Lanka since the 1990s and various environmental factors have been postulated as contributing factors for this disease. The aim of our study was to find out whether farmers undergo dehydration which would lead to concentration of urine and the water soluble potentially toxic substance in the kidney, leading to damage of the renal tubules. Therefore, we studied a sample of healthy farmers who were CKDu\u2010free to determine whether they were dehydrated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sample included healthy male paddy farmers of Padaviya in the Anuradhapura district. Plasma and urine osmolarity were recorded upon waking up in the morning and evening during the non\u2010farming and farming seasons. Basic statistics and a 2 \u00d7 2 <jats:sc>anova<\/jats:sc> was done to test the interaction of time of day with farming activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Farmers were dehydrated according to the plasma osmolarity especially in the mornings, irrespective of whether they were farming or not. Approximately 40% of the sample also demonstrated acute dehydration at the end of the day due to farming activity as indicated by both plasma and urine osmolarity and specific gravity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study revealed that the farmers of the <jats:italic>Padaviya<\/jats:italic> area were either dehydrated or at the upper limit of euhydration sometime during the day irrespective of their activities during the day.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.13605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]],"date-time":"2019-05-17T12:48:39Z","timestamp":1558097319000},"page":"156-162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The presence of dehydration in paddy farmers in an area with chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0819-4239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Indumathie","family":"Nanayakkara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Peradeniya  Peradeniya Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruchira K","family":"Dissanayake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allied Health Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Sri Jayawardenepura  Nugegoda Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saman","family":"Nanayakkara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anaesthesiology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences University of Peradeniya  Peradeniya Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3768\/rtipress.2014.rb.0007.1405","volume-title":"Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology in Sri Lanka: Quest for Understanding and Global Implications","author":"Elledge MF","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-010-9339-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-14-180"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.258"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"64","article-title":"Possible link of chronic arsenic toxicity with chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology in Sri Lanka","volume":"3","author":"Jayasumana C","year":"2013","journal-title":"JNSR"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4038\/suslj.v13i2.7680"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph110202125"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2007.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5301\/jn.5000028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.10.062"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2006010017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000381239"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfv430"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000441265"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"747","article-title":"Blood and urinary measures of hydration status during progressive acute dehydration","volume":"33","author":"Popowski LA","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med. 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