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In aHUS rare genetic variants in <jats:italic>CFH, CFI<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>CD46, C3<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CFB<\/jats:italic> predispose to complement over activation. This case describes a case of aHUS in which there was a strong temporal association between disease onset and the use of smoked cocaine. The patient was found to have a rare genetic variant in the <jats:italic>CFI<\/jats:italic> gene which may have been unmasked by first\u2010time exposure to cocaine. The patient stabilized and improved with early administration of eculizumab, supporting the notion of an underlying immunological pathogenesis and the importance of early intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.13690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,4]],"date-time":"2020-01-04T09:24:53Z","timestamp":1578129893000},"page":"518-521","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cocaine\u2010associated atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome in a genetically susceptible individual"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8333-9250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Bongetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology St. Vincent's Hospital  Melbourne 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