{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T21:55:44Z","timestamp":1761429344189,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]],"date-time":"2020-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007638","name":"Kidney Foundation Japan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007638","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nephrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The urine dipstick is a simple diagnostic module for detecting proteinuria, haematuria and glycosuria and is favourably accepted in East Asia despite debates regarding its accuracy and target population, claiming that quantitative tests for a high\u2010risk cohort should be more cost\u2010effective. However, the current status of utilizing this test in these countries is not widely known due to lack of extensive data. We aimed to clarify the current nationwide and regional status of utilization of the urine dipstick test in an outpatient care setting and to determine the regional factors associated with adoption of this method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study used openly accessible data from the national claim database that included the health insurance claims data of the Japanese population in 2017.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 67\u2009125\u2009386 urine dipstick tests were performed compared with 1\u2009862\u2009700 quantitative urine protein tests and 17\u2009544\u2009949 urine sediment microscopy tests. Dipstick tests were employed principally for those who are &gt;65\u2009years old (60.3%) and, although the male population (52.5%) is generally larger, the female population is larger in age of 15 to 39\u2009years and\u2009&gt;85\u2009years. Multivariate analysis with several regional parameters revealed that the test was performed more commonly in the areas that accommodate greater elderly population (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite a heated dispute, the urine dipstick test is performed even more frequently than the quantitative biochemical or microscopic sediment tests, especially in regions holding the larger elderly population, which suggests that the test forms a part of geriatric medical care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.13715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]],"date-time":"2020-04-03T15:28:33Z","timestamp":1585927713000},"page":"676-682","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Regional variance in the use of urine dipstick test for outpatients in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8415-7889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Nishi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yui","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reiko","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Takemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masaomi","family":"Nangaku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.326.7393.813"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"84","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy study of urine dipstick in relation to 24\u2010hour measurement as a screening tool for proteinuria in lupus nephritis","volume":"35","author":"Siedner MJ","year":"2008","journal-title":"J 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