{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T02:31:24Z","timestamp":1783132284139,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nephrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acidemia is one of the risk factors for end\u2010stage kidney disease and increases the mortality rate of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although urinary ammonium (U\u2010NH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) is the crucial component of renal acid excretion, U\u2010NH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> concentration is not routinely measured. To estimate U\u2010NH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, urine osmolal gap (UOG\u00a0=\u00a0urine osmolality \u2212 [2(Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> + K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>)\u2009+\u2009urea + glucose]) is calculated and the formula (U\u2010NH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a0UOG\/2) has traditionally been used. However, the usefulness of this formula is controversial in CKD patients. We assessed the relationship between U\u2010NH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and UOG in patients with CKD. Blood and spot urine samples were collected in 36 patients who had non\u2010dialysis\u2010dependent CKD. The mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009<jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic> age of patients was 72.0\u2009\u00b1\u200914.8\u2009years, and the mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009<jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic> serum creatinine and U\u2010NH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> were 2.7\u2009\u00b1\u20092.3\u00a0mg\/dl and 9.3\u2009\u00b1 9.2\u2009mmol\/L, respectively. A significant relationship was found between UOG\/2 and U\u2010NH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.925, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.0001). U\u2010NH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> estimated using the UOG was on average higher by 4.7\u2009mmol\/L than the measured one. Our results suggested that UOG could be a useful tool in clinical settings, especially in patients with moderate to severe CKD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.13937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T23:50:51Z","timestamp":1626825051000},"page":"809-813","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Assessing urine ammonium concentration by urine osmolal gap in chronic kidney disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6825-3456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takuya","family":"Fujimaru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology St. Luke's International Hospital  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Shuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hokuriku University  Ishikawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiko","family":"Nagahama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology St. Luke's International Hospital  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumika","family":"Taki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology St. Luke's International Hospital  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaaki","family":"Nakayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology St. Luke's International Hospital  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Komatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology St. Luke's International Hospital  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Healthcare Quality and Safety, Graduate School of Medicine Gunma University  Gunma Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2012.82"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2015.52"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016101151"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000168150"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2008.12.034"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_4_7_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"A direct colorimetric determination of blood ammonia","volume":"12","author":"Okuda H","year":"1965","journal-title":"Tokushima J Exp 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