{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T12:41:40Z","timestamp":1782564100426,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,21]],"date-time":"2021-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nephrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bacterial and fungal infections are serious, life\u2010threatening conditions after kidney transplantation. The development of oral\/oesophageal candidiasis after kidney transplantation is not a reported risk factor for subsequent severe infection. This study was performed to investigate the relationship between oral\/oesophageal candidiasis after kidney transplantation and the development of subsequent infection requiring hospitalization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective study included 522 consecutive patients who underwent kidney transplantation at Japanese Red Cross Aichi Medical Center Nagoya Daini Hospital from 1 January 2010 to 1 February 2019. Ninety\u2010five percentage of patients were living donor transplant recipients. Visual examination was performed to detect oral candidiasis, beginning immediately after kidney transplantation; upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed 8\u201310\u00a0months after kidney transplantation. Twenty\u2010five patients developed candidiasis (Candida\u2010onset group) and 497 did not (non\u2010Candida\u2010onset group). The follow\u2010up periods were 67 (37\u201386) months in the Candida\u2010onset group and 55 (34\u201389) months in the non\u2010Candida\u2010onset group. Severe infection was defined as bacterial or fungal infection requiring hospitalization; viral infections were excluded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Severe infection developed in 9\/25 (36%) patients in the Candida\u2010onset group and in 77\/497 (15%) patients in the non\u2010Candida\u2010onset group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.006). Binomial logistic analysis revealed that Candida infection (odds ratio [OR] 2.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06\u20136.06; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.037) and use of rituximab (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.12\u20132.93; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.016) were significant predictors of subsequent severe infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oral\/oesophageal candidiasis is a risk factor for severe infection after kidney transplantation and suggests an over\u2010immunosuppressive state, which should prompt evaluation of immunosuppression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.13959","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,14]],"date-time":"2021-08-14T03:34:32Z","timestamp":1628912072000},"page":"97-103","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Oral\/oesophageal candidiasis is a risk factor for severe infection after kidney transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0300-2293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Abe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transplant Nephrology and Surgery Japanese Red Cross Aichi Medical Center Nagoya Daini Hospital  Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenta","family":"Futamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transplant Nephrology and Surgery Japanese Red Cross Aichi Medical Center Nagoya Daini Hospital  Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4931-3203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norihiko","family":"Goto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transplant Nephrology and Surgery Japanese Red Cross Aichi Medical Center Nagoya Daini Hospital  Nagoya 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