{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T07:30:39Z","timestamp":1780990239742,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nephrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This prospective cohort study aimed to (i) examine stroke incidence and stroke subtypes by chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage, (ii) examine whether CKD patients with or without proteinuria have a high risk of stroke independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and (iii) determine precise estimates of stroke risk by CKD stage while accounting for competing mortality risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were 2023 patients enrolled in the Project in Sado for Total Health between June 2008 and December 2016 (55% men; mean age, 69\u2009years), of whom 52% had CKD (stage 1\u20132, 10%; G3a, 48%; G3b, 17%; G4\u20135, 11% and G5D, 14%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During a median follow\u2010up of 5.7\u2009years, 157 participants developed stroke and 448 died without developing stroke. Most stroke cases were ischaemic among non\u2010dialysis\u2010dependent CKD participants, but the relative frequency of ischaemic stroke was near that of intracerebral haemorrhage among dialysis\u2010dependent CKD participants. After adjustment, stage 1\u20132 (hazard ratio [HR], 2.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.60\u20135.51) and stage G3\u20135 participants with proteinuria (HR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.56\u20134.02), but not stage G3\u20135 participants without proteinuria (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.38\u20131.08), had a higher stroke risk compared to non\u2010CKD participants. In competing risk analyses, the association was attenuated but remained significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although the distribution of stroke subtypes differed, CKD participants with proteinuria and those with CKD stage 5D had a 2\u2010 and 4\u2010times higher risk of stroke, respectively, than that of non\u2010CKD participants, after accounting for competing mortality risk and traditional risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.14049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,30]],"date-time":"2022-04-30T05:12:54Z","timestamp":1651295574000},"page":"577-587","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Stroke incidence and chronic kidney disease: A hospital\u2010based prospective cohort 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