{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T12:32:50Z","timestamp":1764333170352,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,18]],"date-time":"2022-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nephrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin D plays a role in innate immune system activation, and deficiency increases susceptibility to respiratory infections and disease severity including COVID\u201019. We determined whether vitamin D levels and medications were associated with contracting COVID\u201019, and disease severity defined by hospitalisation and dialysis patient mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We reviewed serum vitamin D levels, and prescription of cholecalciferol and alfacalcidol along with corresponding medical records of adult dialysis patients from a United Kingdom tertiary centre between March 2020 and May 2021. COVID\u201019 infection was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>362 (35%) of 1035 dialysis patients tested PCR positive for COVID\u201019. COVID\u201019 positive patients had lower native median vitamin D (65 (39\u201395) versus 74 (40.5\u2013101) nmol\/L (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.009) despite greater prescription of cholecalciferol (median 20\u2009000 (20000\u201020\u2009000) versus 20\u2009000 (0\u201320\u2009000) IU\/week), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001, but lower prescription of alfacalcidol 0 (0\u20133.0) versus 2.0 (0.\u20135.0) ug\/week, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001. On multivariate logistic regression COVID\u201019 infection was associated with haemodialysis versus peritoneal dialysis (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), cholecalciferol dose (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and negatively with alfacalcidol (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). However, serum vitamin D levels and alfacalcidol dosages were not significantly different for those requiring hospitalisation compared to those managed at home, although those who died were prescribed lower alfacalcidol dosages.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dialysis patients who contracted COVID\u201019 had lower levels of native vitamin D prior to COVID\u201019 and were prescribed lower dosages of alfacalcidol. However, there was no association between vitamin D status and disease severity. This retrospective observational analysis supports a potential role for vitamin D and susceptibility to COVID\u201019 infection in dialysis patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.14071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]],"date-time":"2022-06-06T12:34:08Z","timestamp":1654518848000},"page":"815-822","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The effect of prescribing vitamin D analogues and serum vitamin D status on both contracting <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 and clinical outcomes in kidney dialysis patients'"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Theerasak","family":"Tangwonglert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology division, Department of Medicine Phramongkutklao Hospital  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4467-6833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Davenport","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL Department of Nephrology, Royal Free Hospital University College London Medical School  London England"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00353-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-014-0755-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200324532"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00051-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqab151"},{"issue":"1149","key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2020-138712","article-title":"Vitamin D status and outcomes for hospitalised older patients with COVID\u201019","volume":"97","author":"Baktash V","year":"2021","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105751"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0239252"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9040328"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.03180321"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(03)00415-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.050051"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","unstructured":"New NHS recommendation \u2013 UK population needs extra vitamin D; 2020. Accessed November 18 2021.https:\/\/www.openaccessgovernment.org\/new-nhs-recommendation-uk-population-needs-extra-vitamin-d\/88657\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.10.102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.19.0605"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfu321"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2020.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000012179"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.13310"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","unstructured":"NICE PHE and SACN publish rapid COVID\u201019 guidance on vitamin D; 2020. 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