{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T07:08:32Z","timestamp":1781852912580,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]],"date-time":"2022-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nephrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The association of smoking with new\u2010onset cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, malignancy and mortality in dialysis is well\u2010known. The smoking prevalence and its association with clinical outcome was assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multicentre cohort study using \u2018ANZDATA\u2019 Registry, 57\u2009838 adults who commenced dialysis (&gt;3\u2009months) between 1990 and 2016 were included. Patients' demographics, initial dialysis modality, presence of comorbidities and smoking history are predictors. The primary outcome was all\u2010cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were smoking prevalence, cause\u2010specific mortality, non\u2010skin cancers, cardiovascular and chronic lung diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 57\u2009838 patients, 56\u2009512 (mean age of 58.9\u2009\u00b1\u200915.1\u2009years, 40.1% female, 43% diabetic), had data on smoking history with 13.6% current, 40.7% former and 45.6% never smokers.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Former and current smokers had 10% (HR 1.10; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.13) and 22%(HR 1.22; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.26) higher risk of all\u2010cause mortality. They were 13% (HR 1.13; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.18) and 23% (HR 1.23; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.29) for CVD mortality. Smoking was associated with higher mortality from respiratory failure (HR 1.59; 95% CI: 1.13, 2.23, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.073 and HR 1.33; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.74, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.042) for current and former smokers.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Current and former smokers had higher risk for non\u2010skin cancer (HR 1.30; 95% CI: 1.19, 1.42 and HR 1.24; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.32). Smoking was associated with a higher rate of death from cancer (HR 1.26; 95% CI 1.19\u20131.33) and chronic lung disease (HR 1.48; 95% CI 1.15\u20131.92). Former and current smokers had a higher adjusted risk for de novo vascular disease (PVD, CVD), CAD (adjusted RR 1.1; 95% Cl: 1.09\u20131.12).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In dialysis patients, smoking was associated with higher rates of all\u2010cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, respiratory failure, chronic lung disease and malignancy along with higher risks of non\u2010skin cancers, de novo vascular disease and chronic lung disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.14122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T11:29:01Z","timestamp":1665574141000},"page":"21-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cigarette smoking and adverse health outcomes in patients treated with maintenance 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Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1069-9487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen","family":"Pilmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics Auckland University Medical School  New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Germaine","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology The University of Sydney Medical School  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Kidney Research, School of Public Health University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wai","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Unit Charles Gairdner Hospital  Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9400-3696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent 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