{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T12:50:49Z","timestamp":1781700649075,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nephrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Catheter\u2010related bloodstream infection (CRBI) is an important complication of catheter use for haemodialysis, but it remains unclear whether clinical outcomes following CRBI are influenced by organism type. This study aims to compare clinical outcomes following CRBI from Gram\u2010positive and non\u2010Gram\u2010positive organisms. This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with kidney failure receiving haemodialysis (HD) via vascular catheters who had a documented episode of CRBI in Western Australia between 2005 and 2018. The associations between organism type, likelihood of hospitalization, catheter removal and death from CRBI were examined using adjusted logistic regression models. There were 111 episodes of CRBI in 99 patients (6.1 episodes per 1000\u2010catheter\u2010days at risk). Of the study cohort, 53 (48%) were male and 38 (34%) identified as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. Gram\u2010positive organisms were identified in 73 (66%) CRBI episodes, most commonly <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>. Of those with non\u2010Gram\u2010positive CRBI, 9 (24%) were attributed to <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>. One\u2010hundred and two (92%) episodes of CRBI required hospitalization and 15 (13%) patients died from CRBI. Compared with non\u2010Gram\u2010positive CRBI, Gram\u2010positive CRBI was associated with an increased risk of hospitalization and catheter removal, with adjusted odds ratio of 9.34 (95% CI 1.28\u201368.03) and 3.47 (95% CI 1.25\u20139.67), respectively. There was no association between organism type and death from CRBI. <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> remains the most common organism causing CRBI in HD patients. CRBI is associated with substantial morbidity, particularly CRBI attributed to Gram\u2010positive organisms.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/nep14147-gra-0001-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.14147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T11:55:00Z","timestamp":1675079700000},"page":"249-253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Haemodialysis vascular catheter\u2010related blood stream infection: Organism types and clinical outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Jessica","family":"Phillips","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Renal Medicine Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital  Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doris T.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Renal Medicine Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital  Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3369-4187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aron","family":"Chakera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Renal Medicine Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital  Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramyasuda","family":"Swaminathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Renal Medicine Fiona Stanley Hospital  Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalil","family":"Patankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Renal Medicine Royal Perth Hospital  Perth 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