{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T11:23:19Z","timestamp":1789730599135,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,23]],"date-time":"2023-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nephrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Glomerular microthrombosis (GMT) was a common vascular lesion in patients with lupus nephritis (LN). The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum anti\u2010beta2\u2010glycoprotein I antibodies (a\u2010\u03b22GP1) and anti\u2010complement 1q antibodies (a\u2010C1q) antibodies and to investigate the possible mechanism of GMT in children with LN.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The subjects were 191 children with LN diagnosed by renal biopsy in our hospital from January 2017 to January 2020. The patients were divided into GMT group and non\u2010GMT group. The clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, renal pathology, prognosis of the two groups and the relationship between a\u2010\u03b22GP1 and a\u2010C1q antibodies were observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 191 children with LN, 52 cases (27.23%) presented with GMT. The value of C3, haemoglobin (Hb), estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and anticardiolipin antibody (ACA) in GMT group were lower than that of non\u2010GMT group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01). The value of serum creatinine (Scr), 24\u2009h proteinuria (PRO), urine red blood cells (RBC), <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010acetyl\u2010\u03b2\u2010<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\u2010glucosidase (NAG) and retinol\u2010binding protein (RBP), a\u2010C1q, a\u2010\u03b22GP1, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) and renal histopathological activity index (AI) score in GMT group were higher than that of non\u2010GMT group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01). The positive proportions of serum a\u2010C1q and a\u2010\u03b22GP1 in GMT group were higher than those in non\u2010GMT group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). According to Spearman correlation analysis, a\u2010C1q was positively correlated with AI score, SLEDAI, a\u2010\u03b22GP1, GMT, LN\u2010III and LN\u2010IV. Hb, eGFR and a\u2010C1q Ab were associated with the formation of GMT in children with LN. The complete proteinuria remission and renal survival in GMT group were significantly lower than those in non\u2010GMT group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>LN children with GMT had more severe clinical manifestations and renal pathologic damages, and poor outcome. Serum a\u2010C1q level was positively correlated with a\u2010\u03b22GP1, and a\u2010\u03b22GP1 may be involved in the formation of GMT in children with LN, which might involve in the activation of complement classical pathway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.14194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,23]],"date-time":"2023-07-23T23:48:26Z","timestamp":1690156106000},"page":"485-494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["<scp>Anti\u2010C1q<\/scp> antibodies in lupus nephritis children with glomerular microthrombosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8313-8950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine Nanjing University  Nanjing People's Republic of 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People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1443-9009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhengkun","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine Nanjing University  Nanjing People's Republic of 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