{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:15:13Z","timestamp":1791303313151,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nephrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effects of iron on vascular calcification in rats and vascular smooth muscle cells were recently reported, but clinical studies on iron and vascular calcification are scant. We studied the associations of absolute iron deficiency, coronary artery calcification and mortality in patients with maintenance haemodialysis (MHD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transferrin saturation (TSAT), ferritin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and Agatston coronary artery calcium score (CACS) were studied at baseline in MHD patients and followed up for 3\u2009years. Cox proportional hazard analyses for mortality and linear regression analyses for CACS were performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 306 patients, the median age was 67 (56\u201381) years, dialysis duration was 76 (38\u2013142) months, and diabetes prevalence was 42.5%. Fifty\u2010two patients had died by 3\u2009years. Patients with absolute iron deficiency (TSAT &lt;20% and ferritin &lt;100\u2009ng\/mL) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009102) showed significantly higher CACS (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0266) and C\u2010reactive protein (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0011), but a lower frequency of iron formulation administration compared with patients without absolute iron deficiency at baseline (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009204). Absolute iron deficiency was a significant predictor for 3\u2010year cardiovascular (CV) mortality (hazard ratio: 2.08; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0466), but not for 3\u2010year all\u2010cause mortality. CACS was significant predictor for both 3\u2010year CV and all\u2010cause mortality (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;.05). Absolute iron deficiency and MCH were significant determinants of CACS (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>MHD patients with absolute iron deficiency showed significantly higher CACS than others, and absolute iron deficiency was a significant risk factor for coronary artery calcification and 3\u2010year CV mortality in MHD patients, but was not a significant predictor for 3\u2010year all\u2010cause mortality.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/nep14289-gra-0001-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.14289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T11:55:40Z","timestamp":1710849340000},"page":"415-421","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Absolute iron deficiency, coronary artery calcification and cardiovascular mortality in maintenance haemodialysis patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6728-5731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonoo","family":"Mizuiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology Ichiyokai Harada Hospital  Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiko","family":"Nishizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology Ichiyokai Harada Hospital  Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuomi","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology Ichiyokai Harada Hospital  Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiki","family":"Doi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology Ichiyokai Harada Hospital  Hiroshima Japan"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology Hiroshima University  Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiko","family":"Okubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology Ichiyokai Harada Hospital  Hiroshima Japan"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology Hiroshima University  Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenichi","family":"Morii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology Ichiyokai Harada Hospital  Hiroshima 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