{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T02:50:57Z","timestamp":1787885457165,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nephrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to project the epidemiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its economic impact in Taiwan from 2022 to 2027 using a microsimulation model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A virtual representative population of Taiwan was generated using demographic data. The cohort then underwent annual progression using a validated patient\u2010level microsimulation technique, projecting CKD onset and progression based on various factors, including age, sex, eGFR, and urine albumin level. The model also incorporated associated comorbidities like type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension and complications such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Healthcare costs associated with diagnosed CKD and kidney replacement therapy (KRT) were also projected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 2022, an estimated 10.6% of the total population (2.5 million individuals) in Taiwan were affected by documented or undiagnosed CKD. Without changes in care standards, this prevalence is projected to rise to 12.4% (3.0 million individuals) by 2027, a relative increase of 17.1%. The prevalence of KRT is expected to grow by 7.0% from 2022 to 2027. Complications related to CKD, including heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke, are also projected to increase. The annual healthcare costs for diagnosed CKD and KRT are anticipated to rise by 19.7% from TWD $51.96 billion in 2022 to TWD $62.18 billion in 2027.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The projections underscore the escalating burden of CKD in Taiwan, emphasising the need for proactive strategies focusing on early diagnosis, effective management, and public awareness to mitigate the disease's socioeconomic impact.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.70055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T05:44:49Z","timestamp":1746769489000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Projection of the Prevalence and Economic Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease in Taiwan From 2022 to 2027 (Inside\n                    <scp>CKD<\/scp>\n                    ): A Microsimulation Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8535-3582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I\u2010Wen","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine Taipei Medical University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5777-2752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mei\u2010Yi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine Taipei Medical University\u2010Shuang Ho Hospital  New Taipei City Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Barone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Medical Affairs, BioPharmaceuticals Medical AstraZeneca  Gaithersburg Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2778-1604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Real World Science and Analytics, BioPharmaceuticals Medical AstraZeneca  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6546-7769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Jose Garcia","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Economics, BioPharmaceuticals AstraZeneca  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6689-3599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lise","family":"Retat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Economic and Payer Evidence, BioPharmaceuticals AstraZeneca  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markiyan","family":"Mitchyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HealthLumen Limited  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai\u2010Szu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine Taipei Medical University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine Taipei Medical University\u2010Shuang Ho Hospital  New Taipei City Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(20)30045\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp20X708245"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620\u2010018\u20100484\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-020-01697-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000514550"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2021.05.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2006.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","unstructured":"A. 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