{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T02:45:47Z","timestamp":1776048347839,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nephrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People with kidney failure are at increased risk of gout\u2010related hospitalisations and mortality. Whilst dialysis enhances urate removal and reduces circulating oxypurinol (allopurinol's active metabolite), its effect on achieving target serum urate concentrations (&lt;\u20090.36\u2009mmol\/L) and implications for gout management remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate serum urate concentrations and allopurinol dosing following commencement of dialysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective chart review of adults prescribed allopurinol at a dialysis Centre in New South Wales, Australia, between 01\/06\/2019 and 30\/06\/2024. Eligible patients had at least one serum urate concentration recorded after commencing dialysis. Data collected included patient demographics, dialysis modality, allopurinol dosing, and serum urate concentrations, spanning from pre\u2010dialysis to up to 5\u2009years post\u2010commencing dialysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty\u2010five patients (18 haemodialysis [HD], 27 peritoneal dialysis [PD]) were included. Most HD patients (61%) received thrice\u2010weekly haemodiafiltration with high\u2010flux dialysers; 59% of PD patients used automated PD. Allopurinol doses (100\u2013300\u2009mg daily, mostly 100\u2009mg) remained unchanged from pre\u2010dialysis in 93% (42\/45). At 4 (0.25\u201338) months post\u2010dialysis, median serum urate concentrations declined compared to pre\u2010commencing dialysis (HD: 0.31 vs. 0.51\u2009mmol\/L,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.031; PD: 0.33 vs. 0.53\u2009mmol\/L,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Target serum urate concentrations were reached at least once in 60% of HD and 78% of PD patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum urate concentrations declined after starting dialysis with unchanged allopurinol dosing, suggesting dialysis independently contributes to urate reduction. These findings support re\u2010evaluating allopurinol dose in patients after commencing dialysis, including de\u2010prescribing allopurinol in those who consistently achieve target urate concentrations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.70184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T05:38:48Z","timestamp":1773466728000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reduced Serum Urate Concentrations Despite Unchanged Allopurinol Dosing in Gout Patients Commenced on Dialysis: A Retrospective Chart Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3299-9555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noha","family":"Kamel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine &amp; Health, The University of Sydney  New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University  Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5128-7115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronald","family":"Castelino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine &amp; Health, The University of Sydney  New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Pharmacy Department Blacktown Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9313-9252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine &amp; Health, The University of Sydney  New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology St Vincent's Hospital Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7648-007X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamal","family":"Sud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nepean Clinical School, The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Nepean Kidney Research Centre, Department of Renal Medicine Nepean Hospital  Kingswood New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6490-0708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Surjit","family":"Tarafdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology Blacktown Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology Kasturba Medical College  Manipal India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3633-5203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine &amp; Health, The University of Sydney  New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2114-587X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Stocker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine &amp; Health, The University of Sydney  New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology St Vincent's Hospital Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, the University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210487"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34067\/KID.0004132022"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41247","article-title":"2020 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Management of Gout","volume":"72","author":"FitzGerald J. D.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","unstructured":"UpToDate \u201cAllopurinol: Drug information \u201d2023 https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/allopurinol\u2010drug\u2010information?source=mostViewed_widget."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.14306"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-016-2133-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.14163"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","volume-title":"The Renal Drug Handbook: The Ultimate Prescribing Guide for Renal Practitioners","author":"Ashley C.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr.02.2012.5814"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(84)90743-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2048872618822473"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/301021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","unstructured":"WHO \u201cInternational Classification of Diseases for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics (10th Revision) \u201d2019 https:\/\/icd.who.int\/browse10\/2019\/en#\/IX."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00346-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","unstructured":"\u201cThe\u2010Jamovi\u2010Project Jamovi (Version 2.3.28) [Computer Software] \u201d2023 https:\/\/www.jamovi.org\/download.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. (Version 4.5.1)","author":"R\u2010Core\u2010Team","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","unstructured":"GraphPad\u2010Software. \u201cGraphPad Prism Version 10.2 \u201d 2025 GraphPad Software LLC https:\/\/www.graphpad.com."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2022.02.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-025-02269-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2054358118760832"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-27458-9_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34067\/KID.0000000000000221"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.05.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-eular.2980"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0000000000001438"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-2442.256852"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-010-0157-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.44.706"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-39508-5"}],"container-title":["Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nep.70184","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/nep.70184","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/nep.70184","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T02:09:20Z","timestamp":1776046160000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/nep.70184"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/nep.70184"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nep.70184","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1320-5358","1440-1797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1320-5358","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1797","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70184"}}