{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T11:27:36Z","timestamp":1783078056303,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nephrology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>End\u2010stage kidney failure (ESKF) represents a major and expanding public health challenge globally and in Thailand, where patients receiving maintenance haemodialysis continue to experience high morbidity and mortality. The Thailand Renal Replacement Therapy (TRT) Registry offers a comprehensive national database to evaluate dialysis practices, patient characteristics and long\u2010term outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study using TRT Registry data from January 2018 to December 2023. A total of 60\u2009053 adult patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis at 1106 dialysis centres were included. Survival outcomes were assessed using Kaplan\u2013Meier methods, and factors associated with all\u2010cause mortality were identified using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Mortality data were ascertained through linkage with national death records.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diabetic nephropathy and hypertensive nephropathy accounted for more than 80% of ESKF etiologies. The estimated 1\u2010, 3\u2010 and 5\u2010year survival rates were 95.0%, 84.6% and 76.6%, respectively. Five\u2010year survival varied significantly by primary cause of ESKF, being lowest in diabetic nephropathy (71.6%, 95% CI 70.7\u201372.4) and highest in glomerulonephritis (85.4%, 95% CI 82.8\u201387.7). Patients receiving twice\u2010weekly haemodialysis had lower 5\u2010year survival than those receiving thrice\u2010weekly treatment (74.4% vs. 77.7%). Cardiovascular disease (34.1%), infection (20.8%) and cerebrovascular disease (8.0%) were the leading causes of death. Independent predictors of mortality included advanced age, male sex, diabetes\u2010related kidney failure, use of permanent catheters, twice\u2010weekly dialysis, haemoglobin &lt;\u200910\u2009g\/dL, serum sodium &lt;\u2009135\u2009mEq\/L, potassium &lt;\u20093.5\u2009mEq\/L, bicarbonate &lt;\u200922\u2009mEq\/L, phosphate &gt;\u20094.5\u2009mg\/dL, albumin &lt;\u20093.5\u2009g\/dL, intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) &lt;\u2009130\u2009pg\/mL, transferrin saturation &lt;\u200930% or &gt;\u200940%, URR &lt;\u200965% and nPCR &lt;\u20091.2\u2009g\/kg\/day.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although early survival among Thai haemodialysis patients is relatively favourable, long\u2010term mortality remains substantial. Targeting modifiable clinical risk factors, optimising dialysis adequacy and vascular access and addressing socioeconomic disparities are critical to improving national outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.70191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T08:44:12Z","timestamp":1773477852000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Nationwide Trends in Chronic Haemodialysis: Factors Influencing Patient Survival and Outcomes in Thailand"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8881-0942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bancha","family":"Satirapoj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine Phramongkutklao Hospital and College of Medicine  Bangkok 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and College of Medicine  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Talerngsak","family":"Kanjanabuch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vuddhidej","family":"Ophascharoensuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University  Chiang Mai 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