{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T08:16:16Z","timestamp":1782548176775,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["neuromodulationjournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T22:53:15Z","timestamp":1611010395000},"page":"448-458","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Randomized Prospective Study in Patients With Complex Regional Pain Syndrome of the Upper Limb With High-Frequency Spinal Cord Stimulation (10-kHz) and Low-Frequency Spinal Cord Stimulation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Angeles","family":"Can\u00f3s-Verdecho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Abej\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Robledo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Izquierdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ara","family":"Bermejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Gallach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"Argente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4148-6161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Peraita-Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0785-1492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Morales-Su\u00e1rez-Varela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib1","series-title":"Classification of chronic pain: descriptions of chronic pain syndromes and definitions of pain terms","author":"Merskey","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.04.030","article-title":"Validation of proposed diagnostic criteria (the \u201cBudapest criteria\u201d) for complex regional pain syndrome","volume":"150","author":"Harden","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12033","article-title":"Complex regional pain syndrome: practical diagnostic and treatment guidelines","volume":"14","author":"Harden","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib4","first-page":"9","article-title":"Cervico-thoracic or lumbar sympathectomy for neuropathic pain and complex regional pain syndrome","author":"Straube","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200006000-00024","article-title":"Pain relief in complex regional pain syndrome due to spinal cord stimulation does not depend on vasodilation","volume":"92","author":"Kemler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.3171\/JNS\/2008\/108\/2\/0292","article-title":"Effect of spinal cord stimulation for chronic complex regional pain syndrome type I: five-year final follow-up of patients in a randomized controlled trial","volume":"108","author":"Kemler","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200008313430904","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation in patients with chronic reflex sympathetic dystrophy","volume":"343","author":"Kemler","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib8","series-title":"Spinal cord stimulationfor the management of pain: Recommendations for best clinical practice","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2007.01916.x","article-title":"EFNS guidelines on neurostimulation therapy for neuropathic pain","volume":"14","author":"Cruccu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2005.02.004","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation for complex regional pain syndrome: a systematic review of the clinical and cost-effectiveness literature and assessment of prognostic factors","volume":"10","author":"Taylor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2005.12.011","article-title":"Complex regional pain syndrome: manifestations and the role of neurostimulation in its management","volume":"31","author":"Stanton-Hicks","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12035","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation as treatment for complex regional pain syndrome should be considered earlier than last resort therapy","volume":"16","author":"Poree","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12237","article-title":"The use of 10-kilohertz spinal cord stimulation in a cohort of patients with chronic neuropathic limb pain refractory to medical management","volume":"18","author":"Al-Kaisy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.09.023","article-title":"Cervical and cervicomedullary spinal cord stimulation for chronic pain: efficacy and outcomes","volume":"127","author":"Chivukula","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12119","article-title":"Effectiveness of cervical spinal cord stimulation for the management of chronic pain","volume":"17","author":"Deer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12483","article-title":"A single center prospective observational study of outcomes with tonic cervical spinal cord stimulation","volume":"20","author":"Haider","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2016.294","article-title":"Cervical spinal cord and dorsal nerve root stimulation for neuropathic upper limb pain","volume":"44","author":"Levine","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S58","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2006.00123.x","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation in axial low back pain: solving the dilemma","volume":"7","author":"Oakley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2012\/15\/203","article-title":"Cervical spinal cord stimulation: an analysis of 23 patients with long-term follow-up","volume":"15","author":"Wolter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyz495","article-title":"High-frequency spinal cord stimulation at 10 kHz for the treatment of combined neck and arm pain: results from a prospective multicenter study","volume":"87","author":"Amirdelfan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2014\/17\/345","article-title":"Effects of movement and postural positions in spinal cord stimulation in the new rechargeable systems","volume":"17","author":"Abejon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1403.2011.00407.x","article-title":"Improving patient experience with spinal cord stimulation: implications of position-related changes in neurostimulation","volume":"17","author":"Ross","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1403.2012.00453.x","article-title":"Anterograde revision of cervical spinal cord stimulator paddle electrode: a case report","volume":"15","author":"Penn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2007\/10\/305","article-title":"Neuromodulation of the cervical spinal cord in the treatment of chronic intractable neck and upper extremity pain: a case series and review of the literature","volume":"10","author":"Vallejo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1080\/17434440.2018.1418662","article-title":"Burst and high frequency stimulation: underlying mechanism of action","volume":"15","author":"Ahmed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Rev Med Devices"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib26","first-page":"2018","article-title":"Cervical spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of essential tremor","author":"Russo","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000774","article-title":"Novel 10-khz high-frequency therapy (hf10 therapy) is superior to traditional low-frequency spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of chronic back and leg painthe SENZA-RCT randomized controlled trial","volume":"123","author":"Kapural","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000001418","article-title":"Comparison of 10-kHz high-frequency and traditional low-frequency spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of chronic back and leg pain: 24-month results from a multicenter, randomized controlled pivotal trial","volume":"79","author":"Kapural","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12698","article-title":"Success using neuromodulation with BURST (SUNBURST) study: results from a prospective, randomized controlled trial using a novel burst waveform","volume":"21","author":"Deer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14236","article-title":"Opioid-sparing effects of 10 kHz spinal cord stimulation: a review of clinical evidence","volume":"1462","author":"Al-Kaisy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12617","article-title":"10-kHz high-frequency SCS therapy: a clinical summary","volume":"16","author":"Russo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12739","article-title":"High-frequency spinal cord stimulation at 10 kHz for the treatment of complex regional pain syndrome: a case series of patients with or without previous spinal cord stimulator implantation","volume":"19","author":"Gill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12807","article-title":"Discontinuation of chronic opiate therapy after successful spinal cord stimulation is highly dependent upon the daily opioid dose","volume":"19","author":"Simopoulos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2011\/14\/407","article-title":"Automatic adaptation of neurostimulation therapy in response to changes in patient position: results of the posture responsive spinal cord stimulation (PRS) research study","volume":"14","author":"Schade","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-019-03943-z","article-title":"Prospective randomized feasibility study comparing manual vs. automatic position-adaptive spinal cord stimulation with surgical leads","volume":"161","author":"Beasley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib36","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sensor-driven position-adaptive spinal cord stimulation for chronic pain","volume":"15","author":"Schultz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(01)00349-9","article-title":"Clinical importance of changes in chronic pain intensity measured on an 11-point numerical pain rating scale","volume":"94","author":"Farrar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh072","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation in complex regional pain syndrome: cervical and lumbar devices are comparably effective","volume":"92","author":"Forouzanfar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2594","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.87802","article-title":"Reporting of noninferiority and equivalence randomized trials: extension of the CONSORT 2010 statement","volume":"308","author":"Piaggio","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.594945","article-title":"Design of randomized controlled trials","volume":"115","author":"Stanley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib41","series-title":"Adaptive designs for clinical trials of drugs and biologics guidance for industry","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1111\/ner.13358_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5661","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e5661","article-title":"Consort 2010 statement: extension to cluster randomised trials","volume":"345","author":"Campbell","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"}],"container-title":["Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ner.13358","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ner.13358","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S109471592100057X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S109471592100057X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ner.13358","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T21:58:48Z","timestamp":1761083928000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S109471592100057X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S109471592100057X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ner.13358","relation":{},"ISSN":["1094-7159"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1094-7159","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Randomized Prospective Study in Patients With Complex Regional Pain Syndrome of the Upper Limb With High-Frequency Spinal Cord Stimulation (10-kHz) and Low-Frequency Spinal Cord Stimulation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ner.13358","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2021 International Neuromodulation Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}