{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T09:46:06Z","timestamp":1696585566389},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,16]],"date-time":"2013-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1368662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuropathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WW<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> domain\u2010containing oxidoreductase (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WWOX<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>) functions as a tumor suppressor by interacting with various proteins in numerous important signaling pathways. <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WWOX<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> silencing via homozygous deletion of its locus and\/or promoter hypermethylation has been observed in various human cancers. However, the relationship between <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WWOX<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> and tumors in the central nervous system has not been fully explored. In this study, the expression levels of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WWOX<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> protein in astrocytomas from 38 patients with different tumor grades were retrospectively analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. The results showed that 19 (50.0%) samples had highly reduced <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WWOX<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> protein expression when compared with normal controls, while 14 (36.8%) and five (13.2%) cases exhibited moderate and mild decreases in <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WWOX<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> expression, respectively. Reduction of the expression of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WWOX<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> protein correlated with patient age, supra\u2010tentorial localization of the tumor and severity of the symptoms. Furthermore, loss of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WWOX<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> expression inversely correlated with survival time. No significant correlation was observed between the loss of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WWOX<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> expression and the gender of patients or the difference in pre\u2010operative and post\u2010operative <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">k<\/jats:styled-content>arnofsky performance status scores. Surprisingly, there was no significant correlation between the loss of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WWOX<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> protein expression and overall tumor grades. Nevertheless, it was found that 63.6% (7\/11) of the grade <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> astrocytomas had highly reduced <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WWOX<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> expression and 36.4% (4\/11) showed moderately reduced <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WWOX<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> expression, while none of the samples exhibited mild reductions. Similar results were also found in grade <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> astrocytomas. The results from this small\u2010size sample pilot study suggest that the loss of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WWOX<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> expression may be an early event in the pathogenesis of human astrocytoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/neup.12040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,16]],"date-time":"2013-05-16T06:33:53Z","timestamp":1368686033000},"page":"621-627","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Reduced <i><scp>WWOX<\/scp><\/i> protein expression in human astrocytoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"William","family":"Winardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Poznan University  Poznan Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng\u2010Yu","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital  Kaohsiung 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