{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:25:10Z","timestamp":1772119510569,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]],"date-time":"2021-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuropathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Normal\u2010pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a condition in which the ventricle is enlarged without elevated cerebrospinal fluid pressure, and it generally develops in later life and progresses slowly. A complete animal model that mimics human idiopathic NPH has not yet been established, and the onset mechanisms and detailed pathomechanisms of NPH are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate a high spontaneous prevalence (34.6%) of hydrocephalus without clinical symptoms in inbred cotton rats (<jats:italic>Sigmodon hispidus<\/jats:italic>). In all 46 hydrocephalic cotton rats, the severity was mild or moderate and not severe. The dilation was limited to the lateral ventricles, and none of the hemorrhage, ventriculitis, meningitis, or tumor formation was found in hydrocephalic cotton rats. These findings indicate that the type of hydrocephalus in cotton rats is similar to that of communicating idiopathic NPH. Histopathological examinations revealed that the inner granular and pyramidal layers (layers IV and V) of the neocortex became thinner in hydrocephalic brains. A small number of pyramidal cells were positive for Fluoro\u2010Jade C (a degenerating neuron marker) and ionized calcium\u2010binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1)\u2010immunoreactive microglia were in contact with the degenerating neurons in the hydrocephalic neocortex, suggesting that hydrocephalic cotton rats are more or less impaired projections from the neocortex. This study highlights cotton rats as a candidate for novel models to elucidate the pathomechanism of idiopathic NPH. Additionally, cotton rats have some noticeable systemic pathological phenotypes, such as chronic kidney disease and metabolic disorders. Thus, this model might also be useful for researching the comorbidities of NPH to other diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/neup.12776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]],"date-time":"2021-12-27T09:27:50Z","timestamp":1640597270000},"page":"16-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cotton rats (<i>Sigmodon hispidus<\/i>) with a high prevalence of hydrocephalus without clinical symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3015-5156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daisuke","family":"Kondoh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine  Obihiro Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3204-0245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teppei","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Hokkaido University  Sapporo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Biological Safety Research, Chitose Laboratory Japan Food Research Laboratories  Chitose Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Tsuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Safety Research, Chitose Laboratory Japan Food Research Laboratories  Chitose Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Hosotani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine Rakuno Gakuen University  Ebetsu Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6643-1554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osamu","family":"Ichii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Hokkaido University  Sapporo Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory of Agrobiomedical Science, Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido University  Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8733-0832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takao","family":"Irie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Zoology Group, Department of Infectious Diseases Hokkaido Institute of Public Health  Sapporo Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture University of Miyazaki  Miyazaki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Mishima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Safety Research, Chitose Laboratory Japan Food Research Laboratories  Chitose Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ken\u2010ichi","family":"Nagasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Safety Research, Tama Laboratory Japan Food Research Laboratories  Tama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8859-6122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Kon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Hokkaido University  Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204926"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60694-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2004.tb00072.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"165","article-title":"Normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"25","author":"Graff\u2010Radford NR","year":"2019","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","unstructured":"JAX Notes. 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