{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T22:55:02Z","timestamp":1781564102216,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,14]],"date-time":"2021-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuropathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders. The cardinal neuropathological features of PD include selective and progressive loss of pigmented neurons in the substantia nigra, deficiencies in dopaminergic signaling in the striatum, and occurrence of phosphorylated \u03b1\u2010synuclein\u2010identified Lewy bodies in the nervous system. Parkinsonism, the clinical presentation of movement disorders seen in PD, is a feature shared commonly by other pathologically distinct neurodegenerative diseases, such as progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Consequently, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish PD from such parkinsonism\u2010related neurological disorders. In addition, parkinsonism is not always a feature of certain neurodegenerative diseases, and it can sometimes develop as a result of various forms of drug intoxication or cerebrovascular disease. Here, we describe the clinicopathological features of three patients (cases 1, 2, and 3) diagnosed as having PSP, MSA, and PD, respectively, in each of whom the postmortem histopathological diagnosis differed from the final clinical diagnosis. Neuropathologically, they had suffered from coexistent disorders: PD, MSA, and argyrophilic grain disease (case 1); PD (case 2); and vascular parkinsonism (case 3). The variety of patients showing features of parkinsonism underlines the importance of careful long\u2010term follow up followed by postmortem neuropathological evaluation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/neup.12777","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]],"date-time":"2021-11-15T02:06:59Z","timestamp":1636942019000},"page":"450-456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism: Clinicopathological discrepancies on diagnosis in three patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4252-6778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuko","family":"Toyoshima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Brain Disease Center, Agano Hospital  Agano Japan"},{"name":"Departments of Pathology Brain Research Institute, Niigata University  Niigata 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