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Whether these diseases are associated with the occurrence of late\u2010onset psychiatric disorders remains unclear. To facilitate the accumulation of clinicopathological findings regarding this issue, we here present a selected series of 11 cases that clinically developed psychotic disorder (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a07; age at onset: 41\u201375\u2009years), depressive disorder (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01; 49\u2009years), bipolar disorder (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02; 32 and 37\u2009years) and somatoform disorder (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01; 88\u2009years), and had at least one pathological hallmark of these tauopathies. The mean age at death was 74.3\u2009years. No case showed dementia, at least in the early stage of the course. Nine cases had AGD. Granular fuzzy astrocytes in the amygdala were noted in all AGD cases and one non\u2010AGD case. Two AGD cases had tufted astrocytes (TAs) in the amygdala but not in the frontal cortex and striatum. Three AGD and two non\u2010AGD cases had TAs in the frontal cortex and\/or striatum but not in the amygdala. One AGD case had a small number of astrocytic plaques in the frontal cortex, striatum and globus pallidus. Only one case was diagnosed as atypical PSP according to the NINDS\u2010PSP neuropathological criteria. No case had high\u2010level Alzheimer's disease pathology, Lewy body disease or limbic\u2010predominant age\u2010related TDP\u201043 encephalopathy. Two cases had mild neuronal loss in the hippocampus and substantia nigra, respectively. Clinicopathological studies focusing especially on early changes of 4R tauopathies, as well as the development of surrogate markers of these diseases, may be necessary for better understanding of the pathogenic backgrounds of late\u2010onset psychiatric disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/neup.12820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T06:19:21Z","timestamp":1656656361000},"page":"51-71","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Four\u2010repeat tauopathies and late\u2010onset psychiatric disorders: Etiological relevance or incidental findings?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2990-7952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osamu","family":"Yokota","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Kinoko Espoir Hospital  Kasaoka Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences  Okayama Japan"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Zikei Institute of Psychiatry  Okayama Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurology National Hospital Organization Minami\u2010Okayama Medical Center  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Miki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Kinoko Espoir Hospital  Kasaoka Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences  Okayama Japan"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Zikei Institute of Psychiatry  Okayama Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurology National Hospital Organization Minami\u2010Okayama Medical Center  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Ishizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Zikei Institute of Psychiatry  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Haraguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology National Hospital Organization Minami\u2010Okayama Medical Center  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Kishimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Takaoka Hospital  Himeji Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shintaro","family":"Takenoshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Okayama University Hospital  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8525-3469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norikazu","family":"Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics Brain Research Institute, Niigata University  Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akinori","family":"Miyashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics Brain Research Institute, Niigata University  Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Ikeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics Brain Research Institute, Niigata University  Niigata Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seishi","family":"Terada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Kinoko Espoir Hospital  Kasaoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norihito","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Kinoko Espoir Hospital  Kasaoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"540","volume-title":"New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry","author":"Jablensky A","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"645","volume-title":"New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, Second Edn. 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