{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T20:33:43Z","timestamp":1783110823182,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuropathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Compared with those involving the central nervous system, lymphomas involving the peripheral nervous system, namely neurolymphomatosis, are extremely rare. Neurolymphomatosis is classified as primary or secondary; the former is much rarer than the latter. Herein, we present an autopsied case of primary cauda equina lymphoma (PCEL), a type of primary neurolymphomatosis, with a literature review of autopsied cases of PCEL as well as primary neurolymphomatosis other than PCEL (non\u2010PCEL primary neurolymphomatosis). A 70\u2010year\u2010old woman presented with difficulty walking, followed by paraplegia and then bladder and bowel disturbance. On magnetic resonance imaging, the cauda equina was diffusely enlarged and enhanced with gadolinium. The brainstem and cerebellum were also enhanced with gadolinium along their surface. The differential diagnosis of the patient included meningeal tumors (other than lymphomas), lymphomas, or sarcoidosis. The biopsy of the cauda equina was planned for a definite diagnosis, but because the patient deteriorated so rapidly, it was not performed. Eventually, she was affected by cranial nerve palsies. With the definite diagnosis being undetermined, the patient died approximately 1.5\u2009years after the onset of disesase. At autopsy, the cauda equina was replaced by a bulky mass composed of atypical B\u2010lymphoid cells, consistent with diffuse large B\u2010cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The spinal cord was heavily infiltrated, as were the spinal\/cranial nerves and subarachnoid space. There was metastasis in the left adrenal. The patient was finally diagnosed postmortem as PCEL with a DLBCL phenotype. To date, there have been a limited number of autopsied cases of PCEL and non\u2010PCEL primary neurolymphomatosis (nine cases in all, including ours). The diagnosis is, without exception, B\u2010cell lymphoma including DLBCL, and the histology features central nervous system parenchymal infiltration, nerve root involvement, and subarachnoid dissemination (lymphomatous meningitis). Metastases are not uncommon. All clinicians and pathologists should be aware of lymphomas primarily involving the peripheral nervous system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/neup.12941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T01:25:46Z","timestamp":1693272346000},"page":"147-153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Primary cauda equina lymphoma confirmed by autopsy: A case report"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4751-7691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keisuke","family":"Ishizawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Saitama Medical University  Moroyama Japan"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Neuropathology) Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6812-2149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Komori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Neuropathology) Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Shimazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Nakata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun\u2010ichi","family":"Tamaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical Center Saitama Medical University  Kawagoe Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Saitama Medical University  Moroyama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazushi","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"623","article-title":"Primary cauda equina lymphoma diagnosed by nerve biopsy: A case report and literature review","volume":"16","author":"Suzuki K","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncol 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