{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T13:10:41Z","timestamp":1791724241618,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuropathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We report the case of a 70\u2010year\u2010old woman with metastatic brain tumors who underwent surgical removal of the tumor and radiation necrosis. The patient had a history of colon cancer and had undergone surgical removal of a left occipital tumor. Histopathological evaluation revealed a metastatic brain tumor. The tumor recurred six\u2009months after surgical removal, followed by whole\u2010brain radiotherapy, and the patient underwent stereotactic radiosurgery. Six months later, the perifocal edema had increased, and the patient became symptomatic. The diagnosis was radiation necrosis and corticosteroids were initially effective. However, radiation necrosis became uncontrollable, and the patient underwent removal of necrotic tissue two\u2009years after stereotactic radiosurgery. Pathological findings predominantly showed necrotic tissue with some tumor cells. Since the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia\u2010inducible factor\u20101\u03b1 (HIF\u20101\u03b1) were expressed around the necrotic tissue, the main cause of the edema was determined as radiation necrosis. Differences in the expression levels and distribution of HIF\u20101\u03b1 and VEGF were observed between treatment\u2010na\u00efve and recurrent tumor tissue and radiation necrosis. This difference suggests the possibility of different mechanisms for edema formation due to the tumor itself and radiation necrosis. Although distinguishing radiation necrosis from recurrent tumors using MRI remains challenging, the pathophysiological mechanism of perifocal edema might be crucial for differentiating radiation necrosis from recurrent tumors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/neup.12958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,9]],"date-time":"2023-12-09T06:14:20Z","timestamp":1702102460000},"page":"240-246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Expression and distribution of hypoxia\u2010inducible factor\u20101\u03b1 and vascular endothelial growth factor in comparison between radiation necrosis and tumor tissue in metastatic brain tumor: A case report"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6584-9342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fugen","family":"Takagi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University  Takatsuki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9313-1410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Motomasa","family":"Furuse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University  Takatsuki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroko","family":"Kuwabara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University  Takatsuki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiro","family":"Kambara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University  Takatsuki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Omura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University  Takatsuki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shogo","family":"Tanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University  Takatsuki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryokichi","family":"Yagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University  Takatsuki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5581-5472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryo","family":"Hiramatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University  Takatsuki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3665-0892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahiro","family":"Kameda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University  Takatsuki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4140-2415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naosuke","family":"Nonoguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University  Takatsuki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5007-5279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinji","family":"Kawabata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University  Takatsuki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1816-2724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshihiro","family":"Takami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University  Takatsuki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8056-1016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shin\u2010Ichi","family":"Miyatake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University  Takatsuki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1856-7123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahiko","family":"Wanibuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University  Takatsuki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-004-8093-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.17.1485"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.325125002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(08)70125-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-019-1228-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-011-0610-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rru017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Role of hypoxia inducible factor\u20101 in cancer stem cells (review)","volume":"23","author":"Zhang Q","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-03-0426"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2005.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2009.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/016164105X39833"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13092114"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COC.0b013e31825d59db"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i30.6841"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.21639"}],"container-title":["Neuropathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/neup.12958","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,3]],"date-time":"2024-06-03T01:48:25Z","timestamp":1717379305000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/neup.12958"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/neup.12958"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/neup.12958","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0919-6544","1440-1789"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0919-6544","type":"print"},{"value":"1440-1789","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-08-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-15","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}