{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T00:23:32Z","timestamp":1755217412183,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neuropathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non\u2010neoplastic lesions of the ependyma have been neglected to date in comparison with neoplastic lesions derived from the ependyma, that is, ependymoma. The ependyma has a simple structure: mono\u2010layered cuboidal cells covering the surface of the cerebral ventricles and the central canal of the spinal cord. In this review, the histopathological appearances of various non\u2010neoplastic ependymal lesions are shown based on the author's personal experience, along with a review of the relevant literature. Following the introductory remarks about the normal histology and functions of ependymal cells including tanycytes, non\u2010neoplastic lesions are then presented including, obliteration of the spinal central canal; the \u201cventriculus terminalis\u201d; shedding of ependymal cells and \u201cgranular ependymitis\u201d; \u201cependymal incorporation\u201d; ependymal cells in hydrocephalus; ependymal reactions to various noxious stimuli; ependymal changes in cerebral dysgenesis; infections involving ependymal cells; glio\u2010ependymal cyst; and finally, various intracellular inclusions in ependymal cells. Non\u2010neoplastic ependymal lesions are intriguing and merit further investigations, which may provide deeper understanding of various brain lesions and of ependymal neoplasms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/neup.70014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]],"date-time":"2025-05-31T02:24:57Z","timestamp":1748658297000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Non\u2010Neoplastic Lesions of the Ependyma: A Neuropathological Overview"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7162-9293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masayuki","family":"Shintaku","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Kansai Medical University Hospital  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_20_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0964704X.2015.1117894"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_3_1","unstructured":"L. C.McHenry Jr. \u201cGarrison's History of Neurology.\u201dCharles C. Thomas Publisher Springfield Ill USA 1969."},{"key":"e_1_2_20_4_1","first-page":"95","volume-title":"Textbook of Neuropathology","author":"Nag S.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0029(19980401)41:1<2::AID-JEMT2>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_6_1","first-page":"41","volume-title":"Greenfield's Neuropathology","author":"Smith C.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.440140102"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199507000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/59.7.561"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-009-0627-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlv030"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlw017"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80956-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.12.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1827.2007.02108.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(85)90016-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199905000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_19_1","first-page":"191","volume-title":"Glial Cells","author":"Yamadori T.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-8994(92)90063-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199501000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-009-0624-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_23_1","first-page":"237","article-title":"Electron Microscopic Observation of Ependyma","volume":"3","author":"Hirano A.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Neurosurgery (Tokyo)"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00687763"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jnen.0000171648.86718.bb"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.04.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1979.51.1.0085"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091800313"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091580309"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901320405"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091940105"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(08)60596-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0029(19980401)41:1<29::AID-JEMT4>3.0.CO;2-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12690"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1145204"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0029(19980401)41:1<43::AID-JEMT5>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(80)90011-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(82)90179-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000146004"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010050982"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_41_1","first-page":"946","article-title":"Obliteration of the Central Canal of the Human Spinal Cord","volume":"42","author":"Hara M.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Iryo (Tokyo)"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1994.80.4.0716"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(92)90405-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198809000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/SPI-08\/01\/092"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410010605"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_47_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Ependymal Defects. Neuropathological Examination","volume":"18","author":"Inoue A.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Neurological Medicine (Tokyo)\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00688845"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_49_1","first-page":"511","article-title":"Granular Ependymitis. Occurrence in Myxovirus Infected Rodents and Prevalence in Man","volume":"67","author":"Johnson K. P.","year":"1972","journal-title":"American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12184"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091940106"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_52_1","first-page":"478","article-title":"Astrocytic Proliferation on the Ventricular Surface and Alterations of Ependymal Cells in Cases of Cerebral Ventriculitis","volume":"55","author":"Shintaku M.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurological \u00a0Medicine (Tokyo)"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-012-0992-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1974.00490360051010"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-196810000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00688500"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00691271"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00688267"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700910119"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_60_1","first-page":"358","article-title":"Some Effects of Vinblastine Implantation in the Cerebral White Matter","volume":"23","author":"Hirano A.","year":"1970","journal-title":"Laboratory Investigation"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.22.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199309000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/218182a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_64_1","first-page":"364","article-title":"Neuropathology Viewed From the Standpoint of Neuroinfection","volume":"61","author":"Nakano I.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Shinshu Med J (Matsumoto)"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00230492"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00684809"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_67_1","first-page":"450","article-title":"Detection of Herpes Simplex Virus in the Ependyma of Experimentally Infected Mice","volume":"35","author":"Boerman R. H.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Virologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000120551"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_69_1","first-page":"903","article-title":"Pathology of Opportunistic Infection of the Central Nervous System","volume":"67","author":"Shintaku M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain and Nerve (Tokyo)"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/2001-125-0770-VZVIOT"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_71_1","first-page":"106","article-title":"Primary Cerebral Toxoplasmosis. A Rare Case of Ventriculitis and Hydrocephalus in AIDS","volume":"24","author":"Sell M.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clinical Neuropathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_72_1","first-page":"639","article-title":"The Fine Structure of Epithelial Cyst in the Central Nervous System","volume":"3","author":"Hirano A.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Neurosurgery (Tokyo)"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.40.2.127"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_74_1","first-page":"312","article-title":"Interhemispheral Neuroepithelial (Glio\u2010Ependymal) Cysts, Associated With Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum and Neocortical Maldevelopment. A Case Study","volume":"11","author":"Barth P. G.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Child's Brain"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_75_1","first-page":"112","article-title":"Melanosis of the Choroid Plexus, Ependyma, Subependymal Neuroglia, and Dentate and Trigeminal Motor Nuclei. Observations on the Choroidal and Ependymal Cilia","volume":"103","author":"Shunagshoti S.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199008000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_77_1","first-page":"902","article-title":"Pigmented Choroid Plexus Papilloma","volume":"114","author":"Reimund E. L.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/neup.13000"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1988.00520360016002"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199812000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01789997"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00325019"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_83_1","first-page":"439","article-title":"Further Ultrastructural Observations on Intracytoplasmic Inclusions of Choroid Plexus Papilloma in the Elderly","volume":"23","author":"Shintaku M.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Electron Microscopy"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_84_1","first-page":"124","article-title":"Intracellular Neurofibrillary Tangle\u2010Like Aggregations. A Constantly Present Amyloid Alteration in the Aging Choroid Plexus","volume":"125","author":"Eriksson L.","year":"1986","journal-title":"American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-008-0442-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0459-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_20_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-003-0712-3"}],"container-title":["Neuropathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/neup.70014","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T12:37:31Z","timestamp":1754397451000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/neup.70014"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/neup.70014"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/neup.70014","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0919-6544","1440-1789"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0919-6544"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1440-1789"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70014"}}