{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T04:29:00Z","timestamp":1747801740061,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,28]],"date-time":"2015-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nursing in Critical Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with a history of substance misuse may develop tolerance to analgesics and psychotropic drugs which alter the need for sedation and analgesia after<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICU<\/jats:styled-content>admittance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective was to qualify and quantify the needs for sedation and analgesia in critically ill patients with and without a history of substance misuse admitted to an intensive care unit (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICU<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 2\u2010year prospective, observational study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients admitted to an<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICU<\/jats:styled-content>who required sedation and analgesia for \u226572 h were included and were classified as substance misusers and non\u2010substance misusers. We analysed demographic data and the consumption of alcohol and other substances. Comparisons between groups were made using the non\u2010parametric Mann\u2010Whitney test for quantitative variables and Fisher's exact test for qualitative variables. The analysis was made using<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPSS<\/jats:styled-content>version 17.0 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPSS<\/jats:styled-content>Inc., Chicago,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">USA<\/jats:styled-content>) for Windows. Statistical significance was established as<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0\u00b705.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included 44 patients, of whom 31 (70\u00b73%) were users of \u22651 substance. The median age was 47 years, 8 (18\u00b72%) patients were female. The most\u2010consumed substances were tobacco (56\u00b78%), alcohol (54\u00b75%), cannabis (13\u00b76%), amphetamines (11\u00b74%) and cocaine (9\u00b71%). Toxicological samples were positive for alcohol (65\u00b72%, mean blood alcohol level 1\u00b738 \u00b1 1\u00b705 g\/L). There were no significant differences in the need for sedation between substance misusers and non\u2010substance misusers (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&gt; 0\u00b705).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of substance misuse in this population was high. We found no greater need for sedation in patients with a history of substance misuse although these patients often require three or more drugs to achieve optimal sedation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Relevance to clinical practice<\/jats:title><jats:p>Physicians and nurses should be aware of substance misuse in order to provide adequate care by optimizing drug administration and dosages in the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICU<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.12117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,28]],"date-time":"2015-02-28T08:05:32Z","timestamp":1425110732000},"page":"358-366","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Need for sedation and analgesia in patients with a history of substance misuse admitted to an intensive care unit"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Teresa","family":"Ruiz\u2010Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Cl\u00ednic Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Nogu\u00e9\u2010Xarau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Toxicology Unit, Hospital Cl\u00ednic Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Zavala\u2010Zegarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Cl\u00ednic Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Cirera\u2010Guasch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Cl\u00ednic Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"R\u00edos\u2010Guillermo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biostatistics &amp; Epidemiology Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Biostatistics and Data Management Platform, IDIBAPS, (Hospital Clinic) Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"American Society for Pain Management Nursing. 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