{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T21:01:43Z","timestamp":1782766903390,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nursing in Critical Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Various microorganisms which increase the mortality rate in the intensive care unit (ICU) cause microbial colonization of the nasogastric tube (NGT) and use the NGT as a reservoir.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To detect the colonization on the NGT and to determine the effect that training regarding hand hygiene, NGT management, and enteral feeding (EF) provided to ICU nurses and auxiliary service staff (ASS) has on the level of NGT colonization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A quasi\u2010experimental pre\u2010test and post\u2010test control design was used in this study. Microbial samples were taken from the outer and inner parts of NGT. The microorganisms were categorized as: group 1, no risk; group 2, low risk pathogenic; group 3, high\u2010risk pathogenic group. The training was given to nurses (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a015) and ASS (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a07). Hand hygiene, NGT, and EF care training are provided to nurses and ASS by researchers. A total of three training sessions were scheduled to be held in 3\u2009weeks so that all health care staff members were trained. Each session lasted 2\u2009h in total. Patients were assigned to a group if one of the microorganisms presented on the outer surface of the patient's feeding tube and\/or on the hub. The hand hygiene compliance was evaluated by direct observation according to the World Health Organization hand hygiene indications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study was conducted with 46 patients. Evaluating the patients for the presence of microorganisms before education revealed that 4.3% were in group 1, 21.8% were in group 2, and 73.9% were in group 3. After the education, evaluating the samples for the presence of microorganisms revealed that 39.1% were in group 1, 13% were in group 2, and 47.8% were in group 3. A statistically significant difference was found between the number of samples included in the groups after the participants had received training (<jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a08.186; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.017).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>An NGT could act as a reservoir of microbial colonization and high\u2010risk microorganisms could be on the tube. Providing training not only to nurses but also to ASS will help reduce the risk of colonization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Relevance to Clinical Practice<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eliminating such colonization with effective hand hygiene during NGT feeding is a cost\u2010effective method. Providing training not only to nurses but also to ASS will help obtain the optimum benefit from patient care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.12812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T07:48:51Z","timestamp":1655279331000},"page":"1087-1096","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Prevention of microbial colonization of feeding tubes in the intensive care unit"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3988-0474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nurten","family":"Ozen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Florence Nightingale Hospital School of Nursing Demiroglu Bilim University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asl\u0131","family":"Sis Celik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Birth, Women Health and Gynecology Nursing, Nursing Faculty Ataturk University  Erzurum Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fusun","family":"Terzioglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kocaeli Health and Technology University  Kocaeli Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volkan","family":"Ozen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu City Hospital  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ozgur","family":"Ozmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation Ataturk University School of Medicine  Erzurum Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sema","family":"Kose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences Erzincan Binali Yildirim University  Erzincan Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4505-5887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Betul","family":"Tosun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences Hasan Kalyoncu University  Gaziantep Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazim","family":"Dogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation Ataturk University School of Medicine  Erzurum Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Busra","family":"Ardic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology and Microbiology Kackar City Hospital  Rize Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahar","family":"Atabeyoglu Cimen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Ataturk University  Erzurum Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilek","family":"Kilic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Nursing, Nursing Faculty Ataturk University  Erzurum Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hakan","family":"Uslu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Ataturk University  Erzurum Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/422997"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"428","article-title":"Biodynamics of biofilm formation on nasogastric tubes in elderly patients","volume":"7","author":"Leibovitz A","year":"2005","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2012.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mic.2003.36"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-004-0060-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-277X.1998.00112.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/502369"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.3.302"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.10.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02814-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2006.09.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2007.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607116673053"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","volume-title":"CG 139. 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